Effects of mellowing sulfate-bearing clay soil stabilized with wastepaper sludge ash for road construction |
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| Authors: | Mohamad Nidzam Rahmat John M Kinuthia |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The NorthCap University, Gurugram, Haryana, India;2. Department of Civil Engineering, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita University, Coimbatore, India;1. Track Technology Division, Railway Technical Research Institute, 2-8-38 Hikari-cho, Kokubunji-shi, Tokyo 185-8540, Japan;2. Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1, Ohkubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan;3. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1, Ohkubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan;1. Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Aptdo. de Correos 164, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain;2. Ecology Department, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States;3. Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States;4. University of Innsbruck, Institute of Microbiology, Technikerstrasse 25d, Innsbruck 6020, Austria;5. Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación (CSIC-UVEG-GV), Carretera Moncada – Náquera, Km 4.5, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain;1. Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Geomechanics and Embankment Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China;2. Jiangsu Research Center for Geotechnical Engineering Technology, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China;3. Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Non-point Source Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental Science & Technology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China;4. National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangzhou 510650, China;1. SNCF, Paris, France;2. Université Grenoble Alpes, 3SR, Grenoble, France;1. Department of Civil, Environmental and Construction Engineering, P.O. Box 41023, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-1023, United States;2. Department of Geosciences, 1200 Memorial Circle, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-1023, United States |
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| Abstract: | The main objective of this research was to investigate the effect of mellowing on the swelling properties of stabilized Lower Oxford Clay (LOC), a sulfate-bearing clay soil that has caused concern in the past due to expansion upon stabilization. Two stabilizers were used, quicklime and a more sustainable stabilizer — wastepaper sludge ash (WSA), an industrial by-product used on its own and in combination with either quicklime (CaO) or ground granulated blastfurnace slag (GGBS). Quicklime was used on its own as a control. Compacted cylinders of LOC stabilized with the various stabilizers were made either mellowed (compacted 3 days after mixing with stabilizer) or unmellowed (compacted immediately after mixing with stabilizer). The linear expansion of the stabilized cylinders during moist curing and subsequent soaking was monitored for a total of 100 days. The results obtained showed that the linear expansion of unmellowed stabilized LOC was significantly reduced, and thus in terms of swelling potential, mellowing was not beneficial in the LOC system investigated. The results observed also suggest that there are technological, economic as well as environmental advantages of utilizing WSA and similar industrial by-products, in the stabilization of sulfate-bearing and other clay soils, as an alternative to the traditional stabilizers of lime and/or Portland Cement. |
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