Relationship between SSTA in the northwestern Pacific and winter climate anomaly in China

The relationship between sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) in the domain from the northwest of the Pacific to China seas (NWP-CS) and climate (precipitation and surface temperature) anomaly in winters over east of Chinese Mainland (ECM) are investigated with composite analysis. The results suggest that (1) SSTA in NWP-CS usually appears as "seesaw" pattern, i.e., sign of SSTA in the northwest of the Philippines is positive (negative) while in the southeast it is negative (positive), defined as SSTA "seesaw" positive (negative) pattern. When SSTA "seesaw" positive (negative) pattern appears, the surface temperature in ECM is higher (lower) than the normal winters but the precipitation anomaly is not distinct ; (2) there are two anomalous anticyclones (cyclones) locating in the northwest Pacific and east of the Philippines at 850 hPa level and an anomalous anti-Hadley (Hadley) circulation, which descends (ascends) south of 18oN, ascends (descends) north of 18oN; (3) heat flux anomaly from ocean into atmosphere is weaker (stronger) in the northwest of the Philippines but stronger (weaker) in the southeast of the Philippines than the normal winters, because the weaker (stronger) northerly prevails in the northwest of the Philippines and stronger (weaker) northeaster in the southeast of the Philippines induced by anomalous anticyclones (cyclones).