冰碛湖溃决灾害研究进展

近年来随着全球气候变暖和冰川退缩,冰碛湖溃决灾害受到了广泛的关注,对冰碛湖溃决洪水/泥石流灾害的研究也取得较大进展,经历了由野外观测到遥感手段与野外观测相结合、由定性半定量到定量、由经验估算到基于物理过程建模模拟的发展过程.从冰碛湖的识别与变化监测入手,综述了冰碛湖的溃决诱因与溃决机制、溃决风险评价指标体系、溃决洪水/泥石流的模拟以及溃决风险减缓措施等方面的研究进展与现状,展望了当前的研究工作的发展趋势,为进一步研究冰碛湖溃决洪水/泥石流灾害奠定基础.

An Overview of Researches on Moraine-Dammed Lake Outburst Flood Hazards

Due to climate warming in the recent decades,moraine-dammed lake outburst hazards are increasingly threatening people and property.Great progress has been made on the researches on the moraine-dammed lake outburst hazards,because they become a wide and intensive focus.The researches on moraine-dammed lake hazards experienced the processes from field survey for typical moraine-dammed lakes to remote sensing combined with field survey in large-scale regions,from qualitative,semi-quantitative calculation to quantitative computation,from empirical formula based evaluation to simulation based on physical mechanisms.This paper begins with the identification and variation detection,and summarizes the current studies of the causes and mechanisms of moraine-dammed lake outburst;the assessment index systems involved the morainedammed lake outburst risks,the possible simulation ways for moraine-dammed lake outburst floods and debris flows,and their mitigation measures.In the end,the paper outlines the prospects of the researches on moraine-dammed lake outburst hazards,i.e.,1) using remote sensing combined with field survey so as to make the assessment from qualitative to quantitative,2) using multi-measures with multi-data sources in order to simulate the moraine-dammed lake outburst hazards systematically,3) using mitigation techniques integrated with humanity environment factors to remedy the outburst hazards.