The Quaternary System/Period and its major subdivisions |
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| Institution: | 1. President, INQUA-SACCOM, and Past-chair, ICS Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy;2. Cambridge Quaternary, Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EN, England, UK;1. Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra ‘Ardito Desio’, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 34, I-20133 Milan, Italy;2. Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, SP 13506-900, Brazil;3. Laboratory for Bioarchaeology, Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, Čika Ljubina 18-20, Belgrade, Serbia;4. Earth & Planetary Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;5. Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA;6. Archaeological Institute, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihajlova 35, Belgrade, Serbia;1. A.A. Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Koptyuga 3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia;2. A.P. Karpinsky Russian Geological Research Institute (VSEGEI), Srednii pr. 74, St. Petersburg, 199106, Russia;3. Novosibirsk State University, ul. Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia |
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| Abstract: | The Quaternary System/Period represents the past 2.58 million years and is officially subdivided into the Pleistocene and Holocene series/epochs, with the base of the Holocene assigned an age of 11,700 calendar years before AD 2000. The two lowest stages of the Pleistocene, the Gelasian (base 2.58 Ma) and the Calabrian (base 1.80 Ma), have been officially defined and these effectively constitute the Lower Pleistocene Subseries/Subepoch. The Middle and Upper Pleistocene have yet to be formally defined, representing an important future challenge, along with the subdivision of the Holocene, consideration of the ‘Anthropocene’, and fine-scale subdivision elsewhere within the Quaternary. |
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