涌潮水沙动力过程现场观测研究进展

涌潮是潮波传播过程中产生的一种自然现象，是潮波非线性畸变的结果。涌潮有波状和破碎形态之分，波状涌潮是一系列平行向前传播的涌波构成的波列，破碎涌潮则是前锋陡立向前推进的水滚。基于国内外涌潮水沙动力过程现场观测的主要成果，从形成机理出发，归纳涌潮生成的必要条件，剖析潮波运动非线性和摩擦效应对涌潮生成的影响；针对典型的波状和破碎涌潮，总结潮头的自由表面特征参数、流动结构和传播演化特征；回顾涌潮局部湍流和混合过程、泥沙输运和沉积的研究进展，评述涌潮脉冲过程对河口生态环境的影响。涌潮的周期性传播引起自然系统的大规模混合，对潮汐河口区域的生态环境平衡具有重要意义。涌潮现象的研究推动潮汐学的发展，现场观测是涌潮研究的基础。随着仪器设备和分析手段的进步，涌潮多尺度生成与演化机制、涌潮多物理过程耦合作用机理和涌潮脉冲过程的生态效应定量评价是今后需要深入研究的问题。

A review on field observations of tidal bore-induced flow and sediment dynamic processes

Tidal bore is a natural phenomenon produced in tidal wave propagation, resulting from nonlinear tidal distortion. The tidal bore can be divided into undular and breaking forms. The former is a wave train composed of a series of parallel forward propagating surges, and the latter is a water roller with the front standing steeply and advancing upstream. Based on the main results of worldwide field observations on tidal bore-induced flow and sediment dynamic processes, starting from the formation mechanism, this paper summarizes the necessary conditions for the generation of the tidal bore and analyzes the influence of nonlinear tidal distortion and friction effect on the generation of tidal bore. For typical undular and breaking tidal bores, the characteristic parameters of the free surface, the flow structures, and the evolution patterns of the tidal bore are summarized. The research progresses of local turbulence and mixing process, sediment transport, and deposition of the tidal bore are surveyed, and the impacts of the tidal bore pulse process on the estuarine ecological environment are reviewed. The periodic propagation of tidal bore causes large-scale mixing of a natural system, which is of great significance to the ecological balance of the environment in a tidal estuary. The study of tidal bore promotes the development of the tidal theory. Field observations play a foundational role in tidal bore research. With advances in instruments, equipment, and analysis methods, the multi-scale formation and evolution, the multi-physical processes coupling mechanism of the tidal bore, and the quantitative evaluation of ecological effects induced by the tidal bore pulse process may need to be studied in future researches.