The role of glaciations in the biosphere |
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| Institution: | 1. A.A. Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Koptyuga 3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia;2. Novosibirsk State University, ul. Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia;1. A.A. Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Koptyuga 3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia;2. Institute of Diamond and Precious Metal Geology, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Lenina 39, Yakutsk, 677891, Russia;3. Novosibirsk State University, ul. Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia;1. Institute of Geology, Komi Science Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Pervomaiskaya 54, Syktyvkar, Komi Republic, 167982, Russia;2. Syktyvkar State University, Oktyabr’skii pr. 55, Syktyvkar, Komi Republic, 167001, Russia;1. A.A. Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Koptyuga 3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia;2. A.P. Karpinsky Russian Geological Research Institute (VSEGEI), Srednii pr. 74, St. Petersburg, 199106, Russia;3. Novosibirsk State University, ul. Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia |
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| Abstract: | Glaciations took place in five long intervals of the geologic history, called glacioeras: Kaapvaal (Late Archean), Huronian (Early Proterozoic), African (Late Proterozoic), Gondwanan (Paleozoic), and unfinished Antarctic (Late Cenozoic). The glacioeras were similar in structure, duration, and dynamics of evolution. They consisted of three to six glacioperiods including several discrete glacio-epochs. The glacioeras lasted ~ 200 Myr. They started with small regional glaciations, which expanded, reached intercontinental sizes, and then quickly degraded. There were serious differences between the Precambrian and Phanerozoic glacioeras. A series of ecologic crises related to numerous glacial events led first to abiotic and then to biotic factors. Glaciations caused extinction and stagnation of the Earth’s biota, the appearance of bionovations and new biota, and acceleration of evolution processes. Thus, the glacioeras were the turning intervals of the biosphere evolution. |
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