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The World Karst Aquifer Mapping project: concept,mapping procedure and map of Europe |
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| Authors: | Chen Zhao Auler Augusto S Bakalowicz Michel Drew David Griger Franziska Hartmann Jens Jiang Guanghui Moosdorf Nils Richts Andrea Stevanovic Zoran Veni George Goldscheider Nico |
| Institution: | 1.Institute of Applied Geosciences, Division of Hydrogeology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstr. 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany ;2.Instituto do Carste, Rua Barcelona 240/302, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30360-260, Brazil ;3.HydroSciences, University of Montpellier, UMR5569 - CC0057, 163 rue Auguste Broussonet, 34090, Montpellier, France ;4.Moheraroon, Kilfenora, Co. Clare, Ireland ;5.Institute for Geology, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), University of Hamburg, Bundesstr. 55, 20146, Hamburg, Germany ;6.International Research Center on Karst (IRCK) under the Auspices of UNESCO and Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, Institute of Karst Geology, Guilin, 541004, China ;7.Department of Biogeochemistry/Geology, Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Ecology (ZMT), Fahrenheitstr. 6, 28359, Bremen, Germany ;8.Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources, Sub-Department, International Cooperation, Stilleweg 2, 30655, Hannover, Germany ;9.Department of Hydrogeology, Centre for Karst Hydrogeology, Faculty of Mining & Geology, University of Belgrade, Djusina 7, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia ;10.National Cave and Karst Research Institute, 400-1 Cascades Avenue, Carlsbad, New Mexico, 88220-6215, USA ; |
| Abstract: | Karst aquifers contribute substantially to freshwater supplies in many regions of the world, but are vulnerable to contamination and difficult to manage because of their unique hydrogeological characteristics. Many karst systems are hydraulically connected over wide areas and require transboundary exploration, protection and management. In order to obtain a better global overview of karst aquifers, to create a basis for sustainable international water-resources management, and to increase the awareness in the public and among decision makers, the World Karst Aquifer Mapping (WOKAM) project was established. The goal is to create a world map and database of karst aquifers, as a further development of earlier maps. This paper presents the basic concepts and the detailed mapping procedure, using France as an example to illustrate the step-by-step workflow, which includes generalization, differentiation of continuous and discontinuous carbonate and evaporite rock areas, and the identification of non-exposed karst aquifers. The map also shows selected caves and karst springs, which are collected in an associated global database. The draft karst aquifer map of Europe shows that 21.6% of the European land surface is characterized by the presence of (continuous or discontinuous) carbonate rocks; about 13.8% of the land surface is carbonate rock outcrop. |
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