内蒙古呼包鄂地区近56年来大气环境容量变化特征分析

为探讨内蒙古呼包鄂地区大气对污染物承载能力的变化,科学评价气候变化对大气环境的影响,利用1961—2016年呼包鄂地区8个国家气象站降水量、风速、云量资料,分析了该地区气象条件的变化特征及大气环境容量的时空分布特征,并对大气环境容量与气象要素之间的相关性进行了分析。结果显示:呼包鄂地区大气环境容量1月的最小、4月的最大,春季的>秋季的>夏季的>冬季的,年平均大气环境容量为62.4 t/d/km^2;月、季、年平均大气环境容量呈波动减小趋势,特别是20世纪70年代末期之后减小趋势更为显著;有明显的空间分布特征,由城区向郊区逐渐增大,城郊差异冬季最为明显,夏季差异最小;大气环境容量与降水相关性差,与风速和日最大混合层高度呈显著的正相关关系,特别是与风速相关性更显著,与小风日数呈显著的负相关关系。

Characteristics Analysis of Atmospheric Environmental Capacity Variation for Recent 56 Years in Hohhot Baotou Erdos Region in Inner Mongolia

In order to investigate the variation characteristics of the carrying capacity of the atmosphere to pollutants and scientifically assessment the climate change impacts on atmospheric environment, the data of precipitation, wind speed and cloud data from 1961 to 2016 were used to calculate the atmospheric environmental capacity in Hohhot Baotou Erdos region in Inner Mongolia. The variation characteristics of meteorological conditions, the spatial and temporal distribution of atmospheric environmental capacity and the correlation with meteorological elements in this area were calculated and analyzed. The results showed that the minimum atmospheric environmental capacity was in January but the maximum in April, and reached its maximum in spring while minimum in winter. The annual average atmospheric environmental capacity was 62.4 t/d/km2. The monthly, seasonal and annual atmospheric environmental capacity decreased gradually especially after 1970s. It was characterized by the gradual increase from the urban area to the suburbs. The urban rural difference was the biggest in winter and smallest in summer. The correlation between atmospheric environmental capacity and precipitation was poor. The atmospheric environmental capacity was significantly positive interrelated with wind speed and the maximum height of mixing layer especially wind speed, while negatively interrelated with the small wind days.