海岸带石油污染物自然衰减研究综述

石油在海岸带泄漏后会形成长期危害生态环境的污染源区。在水动力、微生物和地球化学等的作用下，石油污染物的质量、浓度、体积、毒性和流动性降低的过程称为自然衰减。本文系统综述了海岸带石油污染物的自然衰减特征及其研究手段，阐明了石油性质、沉积物类型、水动力因素、光氧化反应和微生物等因素对海岸带石油污染源区自然衰减的影响，归纳总结了表征石油污染源区自然衰减过程的地球化学、地球生物和地球物理指标。同时，通过总结自然衰减过程的预测方法，指出了研究方向多学科交叉、多数据驱动的重点及难点，最后对海岸带石油污染源区自然衰减研究提出了展望。

Natural attenuation of petroleum pollutants in coastal zones: a review

The oil leakages on the coastal zone will form a pollution source area endangering the ecological environment for a long time. Under the multi-influences of hydrodynamics, microorganisms and geochemistry, the reducing processes of mass, concentration, volume, toxicity and fluidity of petroleum pollutants are called natural attenuation. This paper systematically reviews the natural attenuation characteristics and research methods of oil pollutants in coastal areas, and clarifies the influences of oil properties, sediment types, hydrodynamic factors, photooxidation reactions and microorganisms on the natural attenuation of coastal oil pollution source areas. The characteristic factors of the natural attenuation process in the source area, such as geochemistry, microbes and geophysics are summarized. At the same time, the prediction methods of the natural attenuation process, the key and aporia of multidisciplinary and multi-data-driven researches are put forward. Besides the study of natural attenuation in the source areas of coastal oil pollution.