滇藏川毗连地区藏传佛教寺院分布的教派地域分异研究

藏传佛教寺院作为藏区独具特色的宗教景观而成为宗教地理学的研究热点之一,其不同教派寺院的空间分异格局是反映藏传佛教不同教派势力时空扩散过程的重要载体.着眼于滇藏川毗连地区,以四大教派寺院空间分异为视角,探讨藏传佛教寺院的地域分异特性及其历史形成机理.研究表明:滇藏川毗连地区藏传佛教四大教派寺院集中分布,但集中程度与集中地域各自不同,其寺院盲区范围及分布也不尽相同;宁玛派、萨迦派寺院与噶举派、格鲁派寺院呈金沙江东西两岸悬殊较大的分异格局;噶举派与格鲁派寺院数量上呈高度负相关.这些地域分异特性是滇藏川毗连地区的区域地理环境、不同教派主寺的分布以及藏传佛教四大教派传播扩散过程中教派间的斗争、土司的态度等多因子综合作用的结果.

Regional Differentiation of Temples of Tibetan Buddhism in Adjacent Area of Yunnan,Tibet and Sichuan

As the religious landscape with distinguishing features, the Tibetan Buddhism temple is the focus of religious geography researches.The spatial differentiation of different sects' temples can reflect the developing process and changes of the different sects of Tibetan Buddhism from time and space point.Focused on the adjacent area of Yunnan, Tibet and Sichuan, the article discussed the regional differentiation of temples of Tibetan Buddhism and its historical mechanism.After study, the following conclusions were concluded.The 4 sects' temples of Tibetan Buddhism are of centralized distribution spatially, but their geographical concentration index and the centralized districts are different.The scope and distribution of 4 sects' temples dead zone are also different.There exists a great difference in temples' spatial distribution between Ningma, Sajia Sect and Gaju, Gelu Sect along the Jinsha River.In many spatial units, the quantity of temple is of highly negative correlation between Gaju Sect and Gelu Sect.The above regional differentiation features of 4 sects' temples of Tibetan Buddhism are resulted from the area's special geographical conditions, the distribution of heart temples of different sects, the conflicts and combats among 4 sects, the chieftains' different attitudes to different sects of Tibetan Buddhism.