生态红线区管理:英国科研专用区的历史脉络与经验借鉴

作为关键生态保护区域边界线,生态红线划定当前已经上升为中国国家层面战略部署,然而当前生态红线的研究尚处于探索阶段,对于如何针对红线区域具体设计法规保障、制定管理规则、限定开发行为等方面的研究较为匮乏。鉴于英国已经较为成熟的科研专用区相关保护管理的历史经验,梳理和定位了英国科研专用区的3个发展阶段,探讨了各个发展阶段的基本原则、管理机制和实施保障的演变过程,总结英国科研专用区的规划与管理经验,提出了完善法律保障与规程规范、实施统一监管和区域统筹、并行生态补偿与保护自住、签订标准化管理协议、加强公众参与与研讨机制、提升资金保障与使用效率等对我国生态红线区管理与保障的有益借鉴。

Administration of Ecological Red Lines Region: History and Experience of Site of Special Scientific Interest in United Kingdom

Designating ecological red lines,as the key boundaries of ecological conservation,has become of strategic importance at the national level. However,the research on ecological red lines is still at an exploratory stage and,in particular,there is a lack of research on designing regulatory and legal backup,management regula-tions,and designating controlled development activities in red line regions. Since the UK has developed rather ma-ture experiences about conserving and managing SSSIs,this article summarized the three development phases of SS-SIs,discussed how the underlying principles,management mechanisms and the regulatory and legal backup of each phase evolved over time,summarized the experience of planning for and managing SSSIs in the UK and finally pro-posed six lessons that could be learnt and applied to managing and regulating ecological redline regions in China:establishing legal and regulatory system,enhancing technical regulations;unifying regulatory institutions,and ap-plying uniform management mechanisms to all ecological red line regions;consummating dual-track approach inclu-ding compensation and funding,phasing out eco-compensation;developing standard management agreement mecha-nisms,avoiding the misuse of administrative power;developing consultation mechanisms and improving public par-ticipation;and well defining the objects of funding and increasing the efficiency of financing.