沈阳城市应急避难场所的识别、空间格局与服务功能

以沈阳市为例,运用高分辨率遥感影像识别城市应急避难场所,采用空间插值、波段集统计等方法刻画应急避难场所空间分布及其与人口的空间匹配性,通过栅格成本分析和加权Voronoi图等方法测算空间可达性并划分其服务区范围。研究表明:(1)沈阳市应急避难场所分布呈现出"小集聚、大分散"的基本格局,与人口分布的空间匹配性差;(2)应急避难场所可达性表现出空间异质性,大型用地对整体格局起到主要塑造作用;(3)研究区域可划分为14个较为明确的应急避难场所服务区,不同服务范围在空间上存在大小、数量和构成上的差异。最后,从城市安全视角对沈阳市应急避难场所的空间布局提出优化建议,为政府部门决策提供科学依据与政策参考。

Identification,Spatial Pattern and Service Function of Emergency Shelters in Shenyang City

On the basis of identification and extraction of emergency shelters from high resolution remote sensing image,this study employed methods mainly including spatial interpolation,band collection statistics,raster cost analysis and weighted Voronoi diagram.It carried out a case analysis of Shenyang City,and concluded as follows:(1)Spatial pattern of emergency shelters shows a feature of "clustering on small scale and scattering on larger scale",which has a bad spatial matching with population distribution.(2) It shows a spatial heterogeneity in accessibility pattern:road network exerts function in shaping accessibility pattern;high-value accessibility distribution present three groups;accessibility value falls down in central area and to the lowest in peripheral region.(3) Service areas in different regions varies in size,quantity and constitution.(4) Large lands constitute the skeleton of spatial pattern,which divide all research-area into 14 clear-boundary service areas.Based above this paper at last gives some suggestions on adjusting and optimizing the spatial development of emergency shelters from the perspective of safety.