洪河自然保护区湿地主要植被类型物种多样性与表层土壤性质的相关性研究

对洪河湿地主要植被类型物种多样性特征、土壤性质特征及二者之间的相互关系进行了研究。结果表明:按沼泽—沼泽化草甸—湿草甸—灌丛草甸—岛状林的序列,物种丰富度呈逐渐增加的变化格局,物种多样性、均匀度呈先下降后上升的格局,优势度呈先上升后下降的格局;而土壤性质特征则呈不规则变化格局。植物物种多样性与土壤性质之间只有均匀度与速效氮之间存在着极显著正相关,其他均无显著相关。这说明在洪河湿地,土壤性质不是决定上述序列的植被类型的物种多样性的主要因素,而土壤速效氮含量是影响物种均匀度的关键因素,同时,对其他物种多样性特征也有一定影响。

Correlation between Plant Species Diversity of Main Vegetation Types and Surface Soil Properties in Wetland of Honghe Nature Reserve

The relationship between vegetation and soil is central to ecological research.For wetland,study of this relationship is required for understanding of wetland ecological processes and restoration of degraded wetlands.It is,however,evident from the literature on Sanjiang Plain wetlands that they have been no attempts to measure plant species diversity and the soil factors along environment gradients.Under this circumstance,Honghe Nature Reserve(HNNR),as epitome of Sanjiang Plain,is chosen as study area for its basic distribution of the species diversity and surface soil along environment gradients of main vegetation types of typical wetland.Spatial patterns of plant species diversity characteristics and surface soil properties and their interaction at swamp-swampy meadow-wet meadow-brushy meadow-closed forest wetland serials in HNNR wetland were analyzed in this paper.Obvious difference between plant species diversity characteristics,and surface soil properties were found.Species richness gradually increased at aforementioned serials,similar spatial patterns of species diversity and species evenness,and opposite patterns with species dominance were found at aforementioned serials.but no special patterns of soil properties were found.Extremely negative correlation between Species diversity and species dominance,and significant positive correlation between Species richness and diversity,and significant negative correlation between richness and dominance were revealed.For soil properties,extremely significant or significant correlations were revealed between organic matters and total nitrogen with total potassium,total nitrogen and total potassium,total phosphorus and available phosphorus with pH.Extremely significant correlation between species evenness and soil available nitrogen were observed,but no significant correlation between other vegetation and other soil characteristics were found on this scale.It is implied that surface soil was not the principal factors controlling aforementioned serial vegetation type pattern.However,Soil available nitrogen was key factor impacting species evenness on this scale,and important factor for other vegetation characteristics.