连云港西大堤海域水环境污染特征分析

连云港拦海西大堤建成已20余年,为得到近几年来本海域水环境中重金属和有机污染物的污染特征,作者于2011年6月对海州湾西大堤海域进行现场调查,根据海洋监测规范对采集水样的DO、COD、石油、重金属(Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd)、活性磷酸盐、无机氮9个化学指标进行测定,并对水质现状进行评价。同时,本研究测定了连云港海州湾西大堤近岸表层沉积物中多种重金属和有机质的含量,利用因子分析法研究了沉积物中重金属的污染来源。结果表明:海州湾西大堤海域海水中重金属Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd的平均质量浓度皆未超出国家二类海水水质标准,石油类和无机氮类污染物为本海域海水中的首要污染物,有机物污染呈现加重的趋势。表层沉积物中重金属Zn、Cd、As的富集指数大于3,属于重污染级别。根据数理统计,发现前3个主成分的贡献率分别为44.09%、27.61%、13.44%,表明沉积物重金属主要有3个来源:工业和生活污水排放、港口煤渣倾倒、海陆交通排污。

Study on pollution characteristics in West Breakwater in Haizhou Bay

It has been 20 years since the construction of West Breakwater in Lianyungang. In order to characterize the pollution characteristics of heavy metals and organic pollutants in this area in recent years, study was conducted to analyze sea water sampling in West Breakwater in Haizhou Bay from Lianyungang in June 2011 including test of power of dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD), oil, active phosphate, inorganic nitrogen and heavy metals. At the same time, concentrations of heavy metals and organic matters in the surface sediments of West Breakwater were also determined and factor analysis was applied to estimate the sources of heavy metal contamination. Results show that the concentrations of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd in seawater met the relevant national standard in terms of heavy metal contamination. The oil and inorganic nitrogen were the prior pollutants, and the pollution of organic compound was serious. AEFs of Zn, Cd and As were greater than 3, which suggests serious pollution condition. The first three components accounted for 44.09%, 27.61% and 13.44% of the total variance, respectively, indicating that industrial wastewater, cinder dump in port, land and sea traffic pollution were the main sources of heavy metal contamination in sediments in this sea area.