我国北方沙区气候变化对全球变暖的响应

我国北方沙区,由于东西跨度很大,各沙区之间气温、降水及湿润度存在着较大差异。西部的沙区气温较高、降水较少、气候干燥;东部的沙区气温较低、降水较多、气候相对湿润。春季各沙区都比较干燥。各沙区气温变化基本是同步的,而降水变化有差异。各沙区夏半年气温与降水之间基本为负相关;冬春季节,河套沙区和东部沙区有明显的正相关时段。在全球变暖的背景下,我国北方沙区的气温总体也在升高(沙区气温每10a上升约03℃,且升温幅度比全国、全球更明显,而降水变化却相对较小。各个沙区对全球变化的响应不尽相同。东部沙区气温升高、降水减少、湿润度下降幅度最大,暖干化趋势最明显;塔里木沙区气温变化平稳、降水及湿润度略增;其他沙区气温略升、降水略减、湿润度略降,呈弱的暖干化趋势。与气候变化相对应,我国北方沙区沙漠化土地面积增大,而且沙漠化主要发生在东部沙区。预计21世纪初10a我国北方沙区的气候将进一步暖干化,因而土地沙漠化的自然过程也将进一步加快和加剧。

Response of Climatic Change in North China Deserted Region to the Warming of the Earth

Because North China is long from east to west, the temperature, precipitation and humidity of deserted regions are different spatially. The temperature of the west deserted regions is higher, the precipitation is less and the humidity is lower than that in the east deserted regions. In spring, all deserted regions are drought. The temperature variations of all deserted regions are almost synchronous, but precipitation variation does not. The correlation between temperature and precipitation of all deserted regions is negative in warm half year. With the warming of the whole globe North China deserted regionsbecome warming and rainless, especially in the east deserted regions. The deserted land area increased in North China, especially in east of it. In the first decade of 21st Century, the climate of North China deserted regions will be further warming and draught.