Lateglacial summer temperatures in the Northwest European lowlands: a chironomid record from Hijkermeer,the Netherlands |
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| Affiliation: | 1. CENAC/APN, Fagnano 244, 8400 Bariloche, Argentina;2. The L.A.K.E.S. Institute, Dreihubelweg 68, 3250 Lyss, Switzerland;3. Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK;4. GNS Science, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand;5. School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04468, USA;6. Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile;7. Department of Ecological Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile;1. Department of Physical Geography, Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden;2. Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, 00014, Finland;3. ADC ArcheoProjecten, Nijverheidsweg-Noord 114, Amersfoort PN 3812, The Netherlands;4. School of Geography, Birkbeck University of London, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK;5. Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 6, Praha 165 21, Czech Republic;6. Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, Lahti 15140, Finland;7. Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, 00014, Finland;8. Geological Survey of Finland, P.O. Box 96, Espoo 02150, Finland;1. Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Univ, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Technopôle Arbois Méditerranée, Bât. Villemin - BP 80, F-13545 Aix-en-Provence Cedex 04, France;2. Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 9825, 100 029 Beijing, China;3. Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centre Européen de Recherche et d''Enseignement des Géosciences de l''Environnement, Technopôle Arbois Méditerranée - BP 80, 13545 Aix-en-Provence Cedex 04, France;4. Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom;5. Department of Biology and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, PO Box 7803, N-5020 Bergen, Norway;6. University of Innsbruck, Institute of Botany, Sternwartestraße 15, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria;7. Lund University, Faculty of Science, Box 118, SE -22100 Lund, Sweden;8. Environmental Change Research Centre, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom |
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| Abstract: | Lateglacial environments at Hijkermeer, northwest Netherlands, were reconstructed by means of chironomid, diatom and pollen analyses. Diatom assemblages indicate that Hijkermeer was a shallow, oligo- to mesotrophic lake during this period. Pollen assemblages reflect the typical northwest European Lateglacial vegetation development and provide an age assessment for the record from the beginning of the Older Dryas (ca 14 000 calibrated 14C yr BP) into the early Holocene (to ca 10 700 calibrated 14C yr BP). The chironomid record is characterized by several abrupt shifts between assemblages typically found in mid-latitude subalpine to alpine lakes and assemblages typical for lowland environments. Based on the chironomid record, July air temperatures were reconstructed using a chironomid-temperature transfer-function from central Europe. Mean July air temperatures of ca 14.0–16.0 °C are inferred before the Older Dryas, of ca 16.0–16.5 °C during most of the Allerød, of ca 13.5–14.0 °C during the Younger Dryas, and of ca 15.5–16.0 °C during the early Holocene. Two centennial-scale decreases in July air temperature were reconstructed during the Lateglacial interstadial which are correlated with Greenland Interstadial events (GI)-1d and -1b. The results suggest that vegetation changes in the Netherlands may have been promoted by the cooler climate during GI-1d, immediately preceding the Older Dryas biozone, and GI-1b. The Hijkermeer chironomid-inferred temperature record shows a similar temperature development as the Greenland ice core oxygen isotope records for most of the Lateglacial and a good agreement with other temperature reconstructions available from the Netherlands. This suggests that chironomid-based temperature reconstruction can be successfully implemented in the Northwest European lowlands and that chironomids may provide a useful alternative to oxygen isotopes for correlating European lake sediment records during the Lateglacial. |
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