Late Pliocene glaciation and landscape evolution of Vestfirðir,Northwest Iceland |
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| Institution: | 1. School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Drummond Street, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH8 9XP, UK;2. Framhaldsskóli Vestfjarða, Torfnesi, Pósthólf 97, 400 Ísafjörður, Iceland;3. Department of Geology, University of Toronto, 22 Russell Street, Toronto, Ont., Canada M5S 3B1;1. Zentrum für Sonnenenergie- und Wasserstoff-Forschung Baden-Württemberg (ZSW), Helmholtzstr. 8, 89081 Ulm, Germany;2. Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH (HZB), Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany;1. School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Drummond Street, Edinburgh EH8 9XP, UK;2. Climate Change Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;3. Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, Rankine Avenue, East Kilbride G75 0QF, UK;1. Department of Geography, Durham University, Science Laboratories, South Rd, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK;2. Department of Earth Sciences, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA;3. Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, 4000 15th Avenue NE, Seattle, WA, USA;4. Centre for Glaciology, Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Wales, SY23 3DB, UK;5. College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4RJ, UK;6. British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Rd, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK;7. Antarctic Research Centre, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand;8. Laboratory for Protistology and Aquatic Ecology, Biology Department, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281–S8, 9000, Ghent, Belgium;9. Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA;10. Department of Geology and Geophysics, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA;11. Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Strasse 49a, 50674 Cologne, Germany;12. Université Paris 1 Panthéon Sorbonne–CNRS, Laboratoire de Géographie Physique, 1 Place A. Briand, 92195, Meudon, France;13. CRG Marine Geosciences, Department of Stratigraphy, Paleontology and Marine Geosciences, Faculty of Geology, University Barcelona, Campus de Pedralbes, C/Marti i Franques s/n, 08028, Barcelona, Spain;14. School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia;15. Environnement et Paléoenvironnement Océaniques et Continentaux, UMR 5805, Université Bordeaux 1, Avenue des Facultés, 33405, Talence Cedex, France;p. College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, 140 7th Avenue South, St. Petersburg, FL 33701-5016, USA;q. Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1ER, UK;r. Environmental Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA;s. Institute of Geophysics and Geology, University of Leipzig, Talstraße 35, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany;t. Department of Geography, University of Loughborough, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK;u. Laboratoire de Glaciologie et de Géophysique de l''Environnement, LGGE, UJF–CNRS, UMR5183, 54 rue Molière, 38402, St Martin d''Hères, France;v. Institute for Environmental Research, ANSTO, Menai, NSW, 2234, Australia;w. Climate Change Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia;x. Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz-Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Alten Hafen 26, D-27568, Bremerhaven, Germany;y. Department of Environment and Geography, Macquarie University, NSW, 2109, Australia;z. Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden;11. School of Earth and Climate Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA;12. Geography Programme, University of Northern British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Prince George, BC, V2N 479, Canada;13. Department of Geography, University of South Africa, Florida Campus, Private Bag X6, Florida, 1710, South Africa;14. School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Drummond Street, Edinburgh, EH8 9XP, UK;15. Department of Geography, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK;16. Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen, Allegate 41, Bergen, N-5014, Norway;17. Department of Geology, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY, 13346, USA;18. Department of Earth Sciences, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 723 West Michigan Street, SL118, Indianapolis, IN, USA;19. Department of Geology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand;110. Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany;111. Department of Geography, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK;112. LOCEAN, UMR7159 CNRS/UPMC/IRD/MNHN, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252, Paris, France;113. Landcare Research, PO Box 40, Lincoln, 7640, New Zealand;114. National Institute of Polar Research, 10-3 Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo, 190-8518, Japan;115. Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Fort Hare, Alice Campus, Private Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, South Africa;1p. Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA;1q. Geoscience Australia, GPO Box 378, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia;1r. Institute of Geography and the Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Erlachstrasse 9, Trakt 3, 3012, Switzerland;1s. Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia;1t. Department of Earth Science, University of California, Santa Barbara, 1006 Webb Hall, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA;1u. Department of Geology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, SE–223 62, Lund, Sweden;1v. Australian Antarctic Division and Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, Private Bag 80, Hobart 7001, Tasmania, Australia;1w. Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia;1. Earth Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia;2. Applied Mathematics and Computational Sciences, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia;3. Subsurface and Groundwater Systems, Deltares, Princetonlaan 6, 3584 CB, Utrecht, The Netherlands;1. Laboratory of Hydrobiology and Ecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS-UP), University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;2. Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal;3. Department of Marine Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-3636, USA |
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| Abstract: | Vestfirðir, Northwest Iceland, has been extensively modified by glacial activity, but the timing and landscape impact of pre-Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) glacial activity is not well known. We present new geochemical and chronological data from two tephras, Óþoli and Hjallanes, which constrain the age of high altitude ice-dammed lake sediments near the plateau surface of Skagafjall, located on the outer westernmost fjords of Vestfirðir. Our findings provide the first dated evidence of Late Pliocene glaciation on Vestfirðir. The 2.26±0.11 Ma fission-track age of the airfall rhyolitic Óþoli tephra is compatible with reversed palaeomagnetic polarity data and suggests an ice-dammed lake existed on Skagafjall at broadly the same time as a major and well-documented Late Pliocene downturn in global climate. We assess the likely impact of Late Pliocene and subsequent glacial activity on Vestfirðir landscapes and propose that: (1) geomorphological features and sedimentary deposits on or near the Skagafjall plateau surface could have survived beneath relatively low basal velocity areas and/or relatively non-erosive areas of glacial maxima ice sheets on Vestfirðir at glacial maxima, and (2) the heavily incised fjord network, the principal macroscale landscape feature of Vestfirðir, existed in the Late Pliocene. |
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