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Retrieval of suspended sediment concentrations in large turbid rivers using Landsat ETM+: an example from the Yangtze River,China
Authors:Jian‐Jun Wang  Xi Xi Lu  Soo Chin Liew  Yue Zhou
Institution:1. Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, 119260, Singapore;2. Centre for Remote Imaging, Sensing and Processing (CRISP), National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, 119260, Singapore;3. Yunnan University of Finance and Economics, 237 Longquan Road, Kunming 650221, China
Abstract:Suspended sediment concentration (SSC) is a critical parameter in the study of river sediment transport and water quality variation, but traditional measurement methods are costly and time‐consuming. This paper is focused on presenting a methodology that may be useful in estimating SSC which is of key importance in process geomorphology and hydrology. In previous studies, remote sensing has been applied to estimate the SSC of sea waters as well as low turbid inland waters like lakes, reservoirs and short river reaches visible within a single Landsat satellite image coverage. Rivers, especially highly turbid large rivers, have largely been ignored. The dataset used in this paper includes measured SSC and multi‐temporal Landsat ETM+ images covering most part of the Yangtze River. Using an effective easy‐to‐use atmospheric correction method that does not require in situ atmospheric conditions, retrieved water reflectance of Band 4 was found to be a good SSC indicator within the large SSC range 22–2610 mg l–1. The newly developed regression relation between SSC and water reflectance of Band 4 appears to be able to provide a relatively accurate SSC estimate directly from Landsat ETM+ images for the Yangtze River from the upper, the middle to the lower reaches. With the relation it is possible to estimate or map out SSC dynamics of large rivers which lack SSC data due to constraints of conventional measurements. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Keywords:satellite remote sensing  suspended sediment concentration (SSC)  retrieval  Landsat ETM+ image  turbid water  the Yangtze River
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