区域一体化政策对城市高学历人才分布的影响与作用机制——以长三角地区为例

人才是城市发展的核心动力,近年来,城市间人才竞争日趋激烈,人才空间配置失衡的问题日益严重。如何通过区域协调发展,促进人才空间分布的优化,成为区域高质量发展的关键。本文以长三角地区为例,基于城市高学历人才规模的估算,剖析区域一体化政策对城市高学历人才分布的影响及作用机制。研究发现：① 长三角就业人口中高学历人才占比逐年提升,由2005年的20.19%增长至2018年的30.89%,呈现出“多中心、中部强、南北弱”的空间分布态势,且极化现象明显;② 相较于其他城市,被纳入区域一体化政策的城市平均多6.81万本科学历人才和0.59万研究生学历人才,中小城市与核心城市受到区域一体化政策的影响更加明显;③ 区域一体化政策主要通过提升城市创新产出和公共服务水平的方式,来影响城市高学历人才的规模和占比。在区域协调发展的战略要求下,本文的研究发现可为城市间人才优化配置和区域治理提供决策支持。

The influence mechanism of regional integration policy on the distribution of urban talents: Take the Yangtze River Delta as an example

Talents are the core driving force of regional development. In recent years, the competition of talents among cities is becoming intense and the imbalance of spatial distribution of talents is getting serious. How to promote the optimization of talent spatial distribution through coordinated development has become the key to regional high-quality development. Based on the estimation of the scale of highly educated talents of cities in the Yangtze River Delta, this paper analyzes the impact of regional integration policies on the population of urban talents and differences between cities, and analyzes the mechanism of the policies. The study found that: (1) From 2005 to 2018, the scale and proportion of talents in the employment population in the study area increased from 20.19% to 30.89%, and the spatial distribution was characterized as “multi-center, strong in the central region, and weak in the northern and southern region”, and the proportion of talents demonstrated a polarization trend; (2) Compared with the cities not included in the regional integration policy, the cities that are included in the policy have about 68,100 more undergraduate talents and 59,900 more graduate talents, and the impact of the regional integration policy on small and medium-sized cities and core cities is more obvious; (3) Regional integration policies affect the scale of urban talents by acting on urban innovation output and public service levels. The research findings can provide significant support for the optimization of spatial talent distribution and regional governance.