城市更新背景下大都市区餐饮业空间格局演化——上海市案例研究

大都市是区域发展的引擎,大都市产业布局是相关研究的重点领域。随着城市化发展,大都市区正在通过多种方式进行更新,从而促使都市空间和产业格局不断优化。通过近二十年来上海市餐饮业空间数据分析,研究城市更新背景下大都市区餐饮业空间格局演化特征,分析影响因素,揭示影响关系。① 近二十年来,餐饮业总体分布格局由“一轴双核两片多点集中”的初始形态,逐步演化为“三核四轴四片多点集聚”的现状格局,餐饮业分布逐渐从“内环-中环-外环”向外扩散,呈现多方向多轴线、区轴连面的演化趋势。② 不同类型餐饮业分布与演化特征差异明显,地方菜以老城区布局为主,并向商业街区、金贸区、大学城等区域集聚演化明显;国际餐饮围绕历史租界街区布局,并向城市副中心、旅游吸引物区域集聚演化;休闲餐饮趋于城市公园、景区景点和科教中心周边集中分布。③ 餐饮业整体呈现“中度集聚-中高集聚-高高集聚”的集聚演化特征,休闲餐饮、国际餐饮的集聚演化更加显著;地理空间上餐饮业由市中心向城市东西向演化明显。④ 人口密度、经济发展、交通条件以及旅游格局是影响餐饮业空间格局形成与演化的基础性因素;城市更新引发的公共服务与旅游空间变迁,是不同类型餐饮业格局演化的主导性因素。⑤ 城市更新改变了都市区发展肌理,促进了区域空间的结构性变化,推动了发展要素与环境变迁,不同类型餐饮业依据市场定位与选址偏好,在地理空间上随之快速响应,推动了大都市餐饮业分布格局演化与更替。鉴于餐饮业对城市旅游产业的重要支撑作用,研究可为大都市旅游空间格局优化以及城市旅游可持续发展提供理论和实践指导。

Evolution of spatial pattern of catering industry in metropolitan area under the background of urban renewal: A case study of Shanghai

Through the analysis of spatial data of catering industry in Shanghai in recent 20 years, this paper studies the evolution characteristics of industrial spatial pattern in metropolitan area under the background of urban renewal, analyzes the influencing factors and reveals the influencing relationship. Some conclusions can be drawn as follows. (1) Over the past 20 years, the overall distribution of catering industry has gradually evolved from the initial pattern of “one axis, two cores, two pieces and multi-point dispersion” to the current one of “three cores, four axes and four pieces and multi-point agglomeration”. The industrial distribution has gradually spread outward from “inner ring - middle ring - outer ring”, showing a trend of multi-direction, multi-axis and regional axis. (2) The spatial distribution and evolution characteristics of different types of industry are obviously different. The local cuisines are mainly distributed in the old urban area, which agglomerates and evolves to commercial blocks, financial and trade areas and university towns and other areas; international catering is mainly distributed in historical concession blocks, and evolves to the sub-center of the city and the area of tourism attractions; casual catering tends to be concentrated around urban parks, scenic spots and urban science and education centers. (3) The industry as a whole presents the agglomeration characteristics of “moderate agglomeration - medium-high agglomeration - high-high agglomeration”, and the agglomeration of casual catering and international catering is more pronounced; in terms of geographical space, the catering industry has evolved significantly from the city center to its eastern and western parts. (4) Population density, economic development, traffic conditions and tourism pattern are the basic factors affecting the formation and evolution of industrial spatial pattern. The spatial changes of public services and tourism caused by urban renewal are the dominant factors in the evolution of different types of catering industry. (5) Urban renewal has changed the development texture of metropolitan areas, and promoted the change of regional spatial structure, and the change of the development factor, as well as the environmental change. Different types of catering industry respond quickly in geographical space according to market positioning and site selection preference, which has promoted the evolution and replacement of the distribution pattern of catering industry in metropolitan areas. The research can provide theoretical and practical guidance for the optimization of metropolitan tourism spatial pattern and the sustainable development of urban tourism.