汾河中下游地下水埋深变化及其控制因素分析

选取汾河中下游临汾盆地作为研究区，基于多年地下水埋深监测数据，对该地区地下水埋深时空变化规律及其控制因素进行系统分析，研究表明：① 研究区2007—2018年地下水埋深整体呈现增加趋势；各区域地下水埋深差别显著，空间上呈现东高西低的趋势，其中尧都、襄汾出现明显的超采现象。② 地下水埋深在2010年后波动较显著，各区县变幅明显高于2010年前的时段。③ 地下水埋深在年尺度上表现出从北向南逐渐增加的趋势，春季地下水埋深变化幅度最大且主要以地下水埋深降低为主；空间上，地下水埋深变浅区域主要集中在霍州、洪洞、曲沃南部和翼城北部，加深区域主要集中在襄汾、尧都西南部和侯马西北部少部分区域。④ 研究区地下水埋深变化对蒸发量较敏感，对降雨量和农村用水敏感较弱，人口对地下水埋深变化贡献率较大。

Variation of Groundwater Depth and Its Controlling Factors in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Fenhe River

Linfen Basin in the middle and lower reaches of Fenhe River was selected as the study area. Based on the monitoring data of groundwater depth for many years, the temporal and spatial variation of groundwater depth and its control factors in this area were systematically analyzed. The results showed that: 1) The groundwater depth in the study area showed an increasing trend from 2007 to 2018. The difference of groundwater depth in different regions is obvious, showing a trend of high in the east and low in the west. Yaodu and Xiangfen have obvious overexploitation. 2) The fluctuation of groundwater depth is obvious after 2010, and the variation amplitude of each district is significantly higher than that before 2010. 3) The groundwater depth showed a trend of gradual increase from north to south at the annual scale, and the variation of groundwater depth in spring was the largest and mainly with the decrease of groundwater depth. Spatially, the shallow groundwater depth is mainly concentrated in Huozhou, Hongtong, southern Quwo and northern Yicheng, and the deepening area is mainly concentrated in Xiangfen, southwest Yaodu and northwest Houma. 4) The change of groundwater depth in the study area is more sensitive to evaporation, less sensitive to rainfall and rural water use, and the population has a greater contribution to the change of groundwater depth.