品种主要农艺性状与夏玉米机收指标相关分析

籽粒含水量是影响夏玉米机收的主要指标。研究与收获期籽粒含水量相关的品种农艺性状及不同脱水类型品种产量差异,对于机收品种选育有重要参考意义。为此,于2015年和2016年在河南省鹤壁农业气象试验站,选择24个当前主要种植品种为供试材料,采取统一授粉,连续测定分器官含水量变化及收获期品种农艺性状,进行籽粒脱水相关性状研究。结果表明,籽粒含水量的动态变化与茎秆、穗轴和苞叶含水量均呈极显著正相关,收获期籽粒含水量与株高呈显著负相关,与穗轴直径、雄穗分枝数、百粒重、果穗长、果穗粗、果穗大小、种皮厚度、粒长和籽粒体积呈显著正相关。不同脱水类型品种产量差异显著,成熟期籽粒含水量与产量呈显著正相关。

Correlation Analysis of Agronomic Characters and Mechanical Grain Harvesting Index of Summer Maize

Grain moisture content is the main index to determine mechanical grain harvesting of summer maize. The agronomic characters related to grain moisture content in harvest and yield difference in different dehydration type varieties were further clarified, which was favorable for mechanical grain harvesting variety breeding. In 2015 and 2016, 24 primary planted cultivars were investigated in national agriculture meteorological experiment station located in Hebi, Henan province. Controlled pollination was applied in every cultivar. The dynamic grain moisture, agronomic characters in harvest and yield were measured to analyze their correlation. The results showed that the dynamic variation of grain moisture content had significant positive correlation with moisture of stem, cob and bract. The grain moisture content in harvest had significant negative correlation with plant height, and positive correlation with cob diameter, the number of tassel branches, 100 grain weight, ear length, ear diameter, size of ear, and thickness of seed coat, length and volume of kernel. The yield difference of different dehydration type varieties was significant. The grain moisture content in harvest had significant positive correlation with yield.