闽台建设用地图像数据空间特征分形对比研究

利用2002年闽、台ASTER影像数据,运用分形几何学理论、数理统计方法,对闽台建设用地分布的空间特征进行分析。研究结果表明,分维值是定量刻画土地利用类型空间格局的重要参数,对遥感影像中直接提取土地利用类型的图形因子进行不同区域土地利用分形结构的差异研究,具有快速、方便、准确的性质。闽、台建设用地斑块的空间分布具有分形特征,其空间形态受自然和人文两方面因素,特别是地形地貌和交通的影响十分明显。同时台湾建设用地的平均斑块面积、分维值和规模大的斑块比重均高于福建,反映了闽、台建设用地空间特征的区域差异,这对闽、台两地,特别是福建省加强建设用地规划,合理配置空间资源,及福建省加强中心城市建设和交通规划等方面具有重要的指导意义。

Fractal Dimension Analysis of Structural Characteristics of Built-up Land in Fujian and Taiwan Provinces Based on ASTER Data

Based on fractal geometry and GIS technology, this paper describes an algorithm for fractal dimension of spatial structure and pattern of built-up land in Fujian and Taiwan. Remote sensing techniques provide the necessary data rapidly and periodically for the spatial characteristics and evolvement study. The study area including Fujian and Taiwan provinces is cut from ASTER images in 2002 after geometric correction based on the topographic map. GIS is an effective tool to analyse the spatial characteristics and evolvement with the strong spatial analysis functions. Based on GIS, the area and perimeter of built-up land are distilled. The fractal dimension D of spatial pattern denotes its complexity and stability, which can discover the trend of the urban evolvement. It varies from 1 to 2, and the greater the D, the more complex the distribution of towns. If D < 1.5, the shape of the urban system is becoming more simple. If D = 1.5, the stability is worse, and the urban system is in the Brown movement. If D > 1.5, the shape is more complex and instable. If D = 2, one place on the plane is filled by the graph of the town. According to the fractal dimension analyses, some characteristics of the spatial structure and pattern of built-up land in Fujian and Taiwan can be identified, and some suggestions on planning the built-up land are proposed based on the research result.