全球碳通量东滩野外观测站的建立

湿地作为地球上一种重要的生态系统类型,其碳循环过程与特征在全球陆地生态系统碳循环研究中具有相当重要的地位。崇明东滩湿地位于长江入海口,是陆地、海洋和淡水三大生态系统的交汇区,是具有国际重要意义的生态区,目前正遭受外来互花米草入侵和人类干扰的双重影响。2004年7月,复旦大学生物多样性与生态工程教育部重点实验室在崇明东滩建立了“全球碳通量东滩野外观测站”,这个野外观测站主要包括3座涡度通量塔和两条长期监测样带,并通过借助涡度协方差技术精确地测定生态系统能量、CO2和水汽通量,同时结合遥感、水文地质学和地面生物物理学调查,研究河口/海滨湿地生态系统结构、生物物理学过程及其他因子对二氧化碳通量的影响。本文的目的是介绍在东滩建站的根据、采用的技术以及将要开展的研究工作。

Establishment of Dongtan Field Station for Global Carbon Flux in Chongming Island

Wetland is one of the major terrestrial ecosystems on the earth, and the process and characteristics of carbon cycling of wetland ecosystem received great attention in studies of carbon cycling of terrestrial ecosystem in the world.Dongtan wetland of Chongming Island,located at the estuary of Yangtze River to the sea,is an eco-region with global significance linking three major ecosystems,terrestrial,maritime and freshwater.It is the critical transitional zone.However,the wetland ecosystem now suffers from human disturbance and the invasion of alien species(Spartina alterniflora).In July 2004,the Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering of Fudan University with support from the Ministry of Education set up the Field Station of Global Carbon Flux in Dongtan,including construction of three eddy flux towers and two long-term observation plots.With use of eddy covariance,the fluxes of energy,water and carbon dioxide of the ecosystem can be measured precisely.Meanwhile,in combination with remote sensing,hydro-geological and ground biophysical surveys,the impacts of the structure of estuary/coastal wetland ecosystem,biophysical process and other factors on CO 2 flux can be studied.This paper intends to describe scientific foundation of the field station,and technologies being used and researches to be conducted.