中国南方岩溶区土地石漠化的成因与过程

中国南方岩溶区是石漠化广为发展的脆弱生态区域。南方岩溶区土地石漠化的起因既有自然因素，也有人为因素。在地质历史时期其自身环境孕育和存在着自然石漠化过程，在历史时期—现代自然石漠化过程又叠加了人为石漠化过程，人为活动加速、加剧了石漠化的发展。清朝初、中期是人为活动影响石漠化的重要转折时期，此后人为因素作用比重逐渐超过自然因素的作用比重。岩溶区土地石漠化过程是由植被退化丧失过程、土壤侵蚀过程、地表水流失过程、基岩溶蚀侵蚀过程、土地生物生产力退化过程合成的地表生态过程，其实质是形成石质荒漠的土地退化过程。

Cause and Processes of Rocky Desertification Lands in Karst Areas of South China

The karst areas of south China are vulnerable ecological regions,where rocky desertification is widely developed.The article proposed a new concept of rocky desertification,realized that rocky desertification is the processes of land degradation with similar rocky desertification landscape which formed by degeneration of vegetation,erosion of soil,loss of surface water and the outcropping of bedrock under moist and semi-moist climatic environment and under the factors of human activity and(or) changes of climate etc.There are two causes of rocky desertification in karst areas of south China,the natural and the human driving factors.From geologic time to historical periods there experienced natural processes of rocky desertification.From historical periods to modern age there added human driving processes and human beings' activity fasten the development of rocky desertification.The initial and middle periods of Qing dynasty are important transition time,and from then on the human driving factors become the main influential factor.Rocky desertification process is the surface ecological processes including the processes of vegetation degeneration,soil erosion,water loss,bedrock dissolution and erosion and land biological productivity degeneration;its essence is the processes of land degradation forming similar rocky desertification landscape.