Monitoring desertification in a Savannah region in Sudan using Landsat images and spectral mixture analysis |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Environmental Affairs, Ministry of Environment and Physical Development, Khartoum, Sudan;2. Dipartimento di Agronomia Ambientale e Produzioni Vegetali, Agripolis, Università di Padova, Viale dell''Università 16, 35020, Legnaro (Padova), Italy;1. Department of Management Arid and Desert Regions, College of Natural Resources and Desert, Yazd University, Iran;2. Department of Arid and Desert Regions Management, College of Natural Resources and Desert, Yazd University, Iran;3. Agriculture and Natural Resources Department, Ardakan University, Yazd, Iran;1. Federal University of Viçosa/UFV, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs; s/n, 36570-000, Viçosa, MG, Brazil;2. Federal University of Espírito Santo/UFES, Center of Agrarian Sciences and Engineering, Alto Universitário; s/n, 29500-000, Alegre, ES, Brazil;1. University of Khartoum, Faculty of Geography & Environmental Sciences, Department of GIS and Remote Sensing, Sudan;2. Remote Sensing Authority & Semiology (RSSA), National Center for Research, Sudan;1. Ecosystems Analysis Laboratory, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India;2. Institute of Environment & Sustainable Development (IESD), Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India;3. Department of Environmental Studies, PGDAV College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110065, India;1. Centro Interamericano de Recursos del Agua, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, C.U. Cerro de Coatepec, C.P. 50110, Toluca, Mexico;2. Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, C.U. Cerro de las Campanas, C.P. 76010, Querétaro, Mexico |
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| Abstract: | Two Landsat images, acquired in 1987 and 2008, were analyzed to evaluate desertification processes in central North Kurdufan State (Sudan). Spectral Mixture Analysis (SMA) and multitemporal comparison techniques (change vector analysis) were applied to estimate the long-term desertification/re-growing of vegetation cover over time and in space.Site-specific interactions between natural processes and human activity played a pivotal role in desertification. Over the last 21 years, desertification significantly prevailed over vegetation re-growth, particularly in areas around rural villages. Changes in land use and mismanagement of natural resources were the main driving factors affecting degradation. More than 120,000 km2 were estimated as being subjected to a medium-high desertification rate. Conversely, the reforestation measures, adopted by the Government in the last decade and sustained by higher rainfall, resulted in low-medium re-growth conditions over an area of about 20,000 km2.Site-specific strategies which take into account the interactions of the driving factors at local scale are thus necessary to combat desertification, avoiding any implementation of untargeted measures. In order to identify the soundest strategies, high-resolution tools must be applied. In this study the application of spectral mixture analysis to Landsat data appeared to be a consistent, accurate and low-cost technique to identify risk areas. |
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