干旱区生态保护原则的探讨

本文以新疆为例，在对干旱区生态环境特点具体分析的基础上，以水资源利用为中心，以绿洲持续发展为目标，提出了干旱区生态保护时应遵循的五大原则。

DISSSCUSSION ON THE PRINCIPLES OF ECOLOGICAL PROTECTION IN ARID REGIONS

The arid regions occupy 29% of the territory and are located in the northwest China. During the past years, degeneration of ecological environment including desertification, shrinkage of rivers and lakes, and enlargement of salinied area became more serious. Accompanied by the national economic strategy shifting westward, the arid regions will encounter a heavy pressure on ecological protection. In these regions, many ecological environment features are different from that of other regions, so the ecological protection should have its own property. These features show in four main aspects: (1) There are many types of ecosystem, the subtypes and capability of resisting external influence have very large variance. (2) Located in the inland, all the rivers finally flow toward or into the lakes in the deserts, so their materials could not exchange with other regions. (3) The area of arid regions is large but many of the regions are not suitable for the people's living. Human activities are limited in the oases which only cover 4 - 5 percent of area of the arid regions. (4) Because the bio-function is weak and the bio-productivity is very low, the eco-environment is fragile. Base on these properties, the principles of eec-environment protection in these regions should include six aspects: (1) The priority should be given to the water consuption of the eccaenvironment. (2) Oases should become the centers of ecological protection in the arid regions. (3) Vegetation protection, recovery and area enlargement should be the key problems in eco-environmental protection. (4) The overall balance of water resources should be emphasized particularly. (5) In order to avoid further degeneration, much more importance should be attached to the present environmental situation. (6) The sustainable development principle should be taken in ecological protection.