暴雨和中尺度气象学问题

利用中国大陆2 400多站日降水资料（08-08时）和常规天气图资料，以1981-2010年30 a平均降水量为气候态，统计2018年4-10月我国主要暴雨天气过程，概述各主要暴雨过程的重要影响系统、出现时段、范围及累积降水量。结果表明：2018年4-10月我国共出现178个暴雨日、31次主要暴雨过程。2018年总共有10个台风登陆我国，较常年平均偏多2.8个。台风总体强度偏弱，登陆位置总体偏北，三个台风在上海登陆。本年度最大日降水量达351.3 mm，8月18日出现在河南商丘，系1818号台风

Major heavy rainfall events in China from April to October in 2018

Based on 2 400 daily precipitation data in mainland China and operational synoptic charts, the major heavy rainfall events happened in China from April to October in 2018 were selected by comparing their precipitation with the average precipitation from 1981 to 2010. The main synoptic systems, rainfall period, rainfall area and accumulative amount of precipitation of these events was summarized. Results indicated that there were 178 heavy rainfall days, 31 major heavy rainfall events during the same period. There were 10 typhoon landfalls in China, 2.8 more than normal. The overall intensity of landing typhoons were weak and there landing locations were northward comparing to normal. Three typhoons landed in Shanghai. The maximum daily precipitation was 351.3 mm, which occurred at Shangqiu station of Henan province on 8th August in 2018, caused by No.1818 typhoon Rumbia. The maximum accumulative precipitation was 467.0 mm, which occurred at Zhongshan station of Guangdong province from 5th to 9th June in 2018, caused by No.1804 typhoon Ewiniar. The First Rainy Season in South China and the Meiyu Season both were characterized by late beginning, early ending and less rainfall amount comparing to normal.