基于孢粉组合定量重建古植物多样性的方法与进展

过去植物多样性变化历史及其与气候、人类活动的关系，可以作为现今植物多样性格局及其趋势预测的相似型，并为植被多样性恢复策略的制定提供历史参考。目前，国内外古生态学者在孢粉多样性现代过程与基于化石孢粉组合的植物多样性长期变化等方面开展了大量研究。针对孢粉多样性分析所面对的来自孢粉鉴定精度、传播方式、源区范围与植被代表性、不同传播方式与沉积过程等诸多限制因素的影响，文章综述了古植物多样性定量重建常用的孢粉多样性指标和方法，如孢粉种类数与孢粉丰富度、均匀度、Simpson多样性指数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数等；并结合现代过程与重建案例分析了不同方法存在的问题与校正方案。指出今后的研究需要注意提高孢粉鉴定精度与形态分类标准的一致性；进一步构建能够融入现代宏观生态学研究的孢粉β多样性与功能多样性等方法；同时加强不同尺度的孢粉多样性现代过程研究，校正孢粉多样性与植物多样性的定量关系，合理剔除不同传播方式与沉积过程等的影响，从而提高古植物多样性定量重建的准确性。

Quantitative methods and progress of paleo-floristic diversity reconstruction based on pollen assemblages

The history of floristic diversity and its relationship with climate change and human activities can serve as important analogues for the contemporary plant diversity, and offer historical references for the recovery of floristic diversity. So far, many paleoecologists have studied the modern process of pollen diversity and reconstructed the long-term variations in floristic diversity based on fossil pollen data. However, these studies are challenged by many biases such as the inadequate accuracy in pollen identification, and the influences from different mechanisms of pollen dispersal, pollen source areas, vegetation representation, and various sedimentation processes. This paper briefly reviews some quantitative indices and methods in pollen diversity analysis, including pollen taxon number, palynological richness, evenness, Simpson index and Shannon-Wiener index. These biases in the analysis of pollen diversity and the reconstruction of paleo-floristic diversity are also discussed here, as well as some possible solutions and calibration methods. We highlighted a need for the promotion of taxonomic accuracy and consistency in pollen counting for the regional correlation of pollen diversity and paleo-floristic diversity. Besides, efforts for the building of β diversity and functional diversity for pollen diversity indices are also encouraged in order to integrate the pollen-based floristic diversity into the category of modern macroecology study. Furthermore, investigations on modern pollen diversity are emphasized for the calibration between pollen diversity and floristic diversity, which can offer us quantitative information to estimate and eliminate the influences from differences in pollen dispersal and sedimentation process, and to promote the reliability of reconstructed paleo-floristic diversity.