Inclusions of magmatic fluids: P-V-T-X properties of aqueous salt solutions of various types and petrological implications

The P-V-T-X properties of H₂O-salt systems are compared depending on the solubility coefficient of compounds contained in these systems and the presence or absence of critical phenomena in the saturated solutions. Data on synthetic and natural inclusions captured in minerals at elevated temperatures and pressures and employed to discuss the principal features of phase diagrams of the H₂O-NaCl system (type I) and H₂O-NaF system (type II or P-Q type). It is demonstrated how characteristics of magmatic fluids of various types are manifested during the development of miarolitic pegmatites (Malkhan field in Transbaikalia) and during the crystallization of F-rich ongonitic melts (Ary-Bulak Massif in eastern Transbaikalia). Characteristics of solutions and gas-rich (gaseous) fluid inclusions in quartz phenocrysts from porphyritic ongonites (disappearance of the liquid regardless of its density and the overall salinity near the critical point of water, distinctive features of the dissolution of the crystalline phase, and the ability of the inclusions to withstand heating to 1400°C without decrepitation), and the richness of the fluid-magmatic system as a whole in F suggest that the ongonite melt crystallized in the presence of low-density NaF-bearing fluids of the P-Q type with a minor admixture of chlorides. It is important to identify the type of solutions in the fluid inclusions, because without knowing this type, it is impossible to accurately enough calculate the pressure at the temperatures of inclusion capture. For example, the unwarranted classification of solutions of type II (P-Q) in inclusions with the chloride system results in a significant overestimation of the calculated fluid pressures. A technique is proposed for studying the high-temperature immiscibility region in P-Q systems based on data obtained on gaseous fluid inclusions.