长石微生物风化作用的研究现状与展望

矿物—微生物相互作用是地球表生环境下重要的地质作用类型，由于硅酸盐矿物的微生物风化影响着地球物质循环及地貌的形成和演变，尤其受到地质地球化学领域的关注。作为地球表层分布最广的硅酸盐矿物类型，长石在风化分解过程中，微生物通常会以流体模式、生物膜及真菌菌丝等方式与矿物表面发生作用。而长石在微生物作用下的分解机制主要包括质子交换和配体络合作用。微生物生理活动、微生物及代谢产物种类、生长条件，以及长石的种类、结构、成分及表面特征等均会影响其风化速率和风化程度。由于长石在硅酸盐矿物中的代表性，因此对长石—微生物作用模式、机理、影响因素等方面的研究，可以大大促进硅酸盐的微生物地质学的发展。

Recent Progress in the Study of Microbiomineralogy of Feldspar

Interactions between minerals and microorganisms, especially microbial weatherng of silicates which has been concerned much for its important significance in circulation of matters and evolution of topography, are important processes in subsurface of the Earth. As the most popular silicate on the Earth's surface, feldspar usually undergoes microbial weathering through three models: the fluid model, the biofilm and fungal hyphae. Usually, microorganisms can enhance decomposing feldspar by the proton and ligand promoted mechanisms. The rate and degree for microbial weathering of feldspar are always affected by many factors such as physiological behaviors of microorganism, category of microorganisms and metabolites, growth condition and category, structure, composition of feldspar as well. It is believed that the researches on models, mechanisms, impact factors of interactions bewteen feldspar and microorganisms are very instructive in the investigaton of the geomicrobiology of silicate.