阪神地震中大开地铁车站震害机制数值仿真分析

1995年阪神地震中，神户市的地下结构遭受了严重的破坏，尤其是地铁车站的破坏最为严重，其中大开地铁车站有一半以上的中柱发生坍塌，导致地面坍塌近2.5 m。对大开地铁车站的震害进行了全面地描述，基于大型商用有限元软件ABAQUS，采用在该软件上二次开发的土体非线性黏弹性动力本构模型模拟土在循环荷载作用下的动力特性，采用黏塑性动力损伤模型模拟混凝土在循环荷载作用下的拉、压应力-应变关系，对大开地铁车站的非线性地震反应进行了数值仿真分析，给出了破坏演化过程，把有限元分析的结果与大开地铁站的实际震害现象进行了对比，结果表明：数值仿真分析结果能够合理地解释大开地铁车站的主要震害现象，建模方法能够被用来进行地下结构的非线性地震反应分析。

Numerical simulation and analysis of earthquake damages of Dakai metro station caused by Kobe earthquake

In Kobe earthquake, the metro stations are damaged severely. Most columns of Dakai metro station collapsed and the settlement of ground surface reached to 2.5 meters. The earthquake damages of Dakai metro station are analyzed in detail. Based on the finite element software ABAQUS, a dynamic nonlinear viscoelastic model implemented in ABAQUS is used to model the characteristics of soils under cyclic loadings. The dynamic viscoplastic damaged model is used to model the characteristics of concrete under cyclic loadings. Numerical simulation and analysis of the earthquake damages of Dakai metro station caused by the Kobe earthquake are implemented by ABAQUS software. The damage evolutive process of Dakai metro station is modeled in detail. The results calculated by finite element method are consistent with the earthquake damage of Dakai metro station well. It is proved that the method proposed can be used to analyze the nonlinear earthquake response of underground structures.