2006-2022年黔南州冰雹特征分析

【目的】为了解黔南州的冰雹特征。【方法】利用2006—2022年多普勒天气雷达、常规气象观测资料以及人工影响天气作业站点冰雹观测等资料，采用统计学方法分析了影响黔南州冰雹个例的冰雹直径、降雹持续时间、冰雹日变化、冰雹云移动速度等特征。【结果】黔南州的降雹主要出现在3、4月份，降雹以中冰雹为主，冰雹日变化明显，一天中冰雹主要发生在15时—次日00时，白天17—20时冰雹频发。降雹持续时间短，65%的降雹持续时间在5 min以内。冰雹云单体的移动速度范围为16~102 km·h-1，平均速度50 km·h-1。冰雹云单体的维持时间最短仅为17 min，最长可达290 min，平均122 min。冰雹云移动路径主要以西南路径为主，其次是西北路径和偏西路径。西南路径降雹点主要分布在黔南州中部一线，西北路径降雹点主要分布在黔南州中西部的惠水、长顺，偏西路径的降雹点主要在黔南州中北部。影响黔南的冰雹云源地有境外移入和黔南州境内生成的两类，主要源地在安顺市、黔南州、黔西南州东部和北部、毕节市东部和南部以及贵阳市南部，不同路径的冰雹云源地具有明显的分布差异。【结论】本文研究成果可进一步提高对黔南冰雹特征的认识。

Analysis of Hail Characteristics in Qiannan Prefecture from 2006 to 2022

In order to clarify the characteristics of hail in Qiannan Prefecture, using Doppler weather radar data, conventional meteorological observations, and hail observations at weather modification operation spots from 2006 to 2022, we analyze the characteristics of hail diameter, hail duration, daily variation of hail, and hail cloud moving speed affecting individual hail cases in Qiannan Prefecture by statistical methods. The results show that hail weather in Qiannan Prefecture mainly appears in March and April, the hailstones are mostly in moderate sizes, and the diurnal variation of hail is obvious. Hail mainly occurs from 15:00 to 00:00 the next day, most frequently seen from 17:00 to 20:00. The life duration of hail is short, 65% of which lasts less than 5 min. The moving speed of hail cloud cells is 16-102 km·h-1, with an average speed of 50 km·h-1. The minimum maintenance time of hail cloud cells is only 17 min, but the longest can reach 290 min, with an average of 122 min. The main path of hail cloud movement is the southwest path, followed by the northwest and westward paths. The hail spots along the southwest path are mainly distributed in the central line of Qiannan Prefecture, while the hail spots along the northwest path are mainly in Huishui and Changshun in the central and western parts of Qiannan Prefecture. The hail spots along the western path are mainly in the central and northern parts of Qiannan Prefecture. The hail cloud sources affecting Qiannan Prefecture are found mainly in Anshun City, Qiannan Prefecture, eastern and northern Qianxinan Prefecture, eastern and southern Bijie City and southern Guiyang City. The hail cloud sources along different paths have obvious differences in distribution. These findings can enhance our awareness of the hail characteristics in Qiannan Prefecture.