黔西南州高温天气时空变化特征分析

【目的】当前气候背景下，黔西南州的高温热浪事件越来越频繁，为了进一步揭示黔西南高温天气的时空分布特征，减少高温天气对农业、生态等各方面带来损失和不利影响。【方法】该文利用1961—2022年黔西南州8个国家气象站以及2009—2022年208个区域气象站的逐日平均气温、最高气温数据，运用常规统计方法对黔西南州高温天气的时空分布特征进行了分析。【结果】（1）空间上，黔西南州高温天气主要分布在册亨和望谟一带，呈现明显的区域性特征，同时黔西南州的平均气温、高温日数及极端最高气温均呈现东南高西北低的分布特征；（2）黔西南州高温天气主要发生在春季和夏季（4—8月），4月和5月气温最高，而大范围高温主要出现在5月中下旬、7月中旬和8月，其中8月最为集中，持续时间最长，基本维持一个月之久，日变化上最高气温主要集中在15—17时；（3）近62 a来黔西南州平均气温和每年高温日数呈显著增加趋势。【结论】总体来看，黔西南州高温天气具有持续时间长、区域分布不均、高温频发区域集中等特征，气温随海拔高度的升高逐渐降低，高温日数频发区与南亚热带气候区密切相关。

Analysis of Spatio-temporal Variation Characteristics of High-temperature Weather in Qianxinan Prefecture

Under the current climate background, high-temperature and heat wave events in the southwest of Guizhou Province have become more and more frequent. In order to reveal the spatial and temporal distribution of high-temperature weather in Qianxinan Prefecture and reduce the losses and adverse effects of high-temperature weather on agriculture, ecology and other aspects, this paper analyzes the spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of high-temperature weather in Qianxinan Prefecture by using daily mean temperature and maximum temperature data from 8 national meteorological observation stations and 208 regional meteorological observation stations from 1961 to 2022. The results show that: (1) The high temperature weather in Qianxinan Prefecture is mainly distributed in Ceheng and Wangmo, having obvious regional characteristics in spatial distribution. At the same time, the average temperature, high temperature days and extreme maximum temperature in Qianxinan Prefecture all show the distribution characteristics of high in the southeast and low in the northwest. (2) High temperature weather in Qianxinan Prefecture mainly occurs in spring and summer (April-August), with April and May being the hottest. The large-scope high temperatures in Qianxinan Prefecture mainly appear in middle to late May, mid-July and August, of which high temperature in August is most concentrated and longest, lasting for as long as one month at least with daily maximum temperature mainly concentrated in the period from 15:00 to 17:00. (3) In recent 62 years, the average temperature and the days of high temperature each year in Qianxinan Prefecture have been in a significant increase trend. Generally speaking, the high-temperature weather in Qianxinan Prefecture has the characteristics of long duration, uneven regional distribution, and concentrated areas of frequent occurrence of high temperature. Besides, temperature tends to gradually decline with the rising altitude, and the frequent high-temperature days are closely related to the tropical climate zone in South Asia.