开发利用地理信息系统(GIS)综合分析地学信息进行矿产预测

众所周知,矿产资源预测是综合地学信息,进行优选靶区的有效手段之一。随着地学工作的深入和勘探技术的发展,已获取了大量的多源地学信息,如地质、地球物理、地球化学和遥感等资料。怎样从这众多的资料中提取有用信息进行综合分析,达到矿产资源预测的目的,一直是地学界探索的课题。过去,应用人工的方法来进行此项工作,不但费力、投资大,而且难以达到预期的效果,方法技术也不利于推广。如今,高速、高质量的计算机已趋于普及,使应用计算机技术高效地处理堆积如山的资料成为可能,尤其是近些年发展起来的地理信息系统(GIS),为综合处理地学资料的矿产资源预测的方法技术,开拓了广阔的前景。地理信息系统是一种计算机系统的应用软件,它集数据库管理和图像分析技术为一体,以空间数据迭加分析为重要特征。地学工作者进行矿产资源预测时,通常是从多源地学资料中提取有用信息,再应用专家知识,结合数学方法,如逻辑运算、贝叶斯(Bayes)规则等,建立预测模型,以模型的推理网格为线索,利用地理信息系统有效的空间分析手段,把各种证据图层综合迭加,最终产生以概率为指标的矿产资源预测图,高概率指示有利的矿产资源远景区,可作为勘探者和决策者进行勘查规划的依据。

THE DEVELOPMENT AND UTILIZATION OF GEOPHYSICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS) AND THE INTEGRATED ANALYSIS OF GEOSCIENCE INFORMATION FOR THE PROGNOSIS OF ORE RESOURCES

The integrated analysis Of ore resource information seems to be one Of the effective means for optimization of targets. In the past, the work was done artificially. Being time-consuming and costly, the work could hardly attain the expected result. At present, the processing of data by computer technique has become a reality.The geophysical information system (GIS) developed in recent years, in particular, has opened up vast prospects for integrated processing of geoscience data and prognosis of ore resources.Being a sort of application software of the computer system, the geographical information system combines data base mangement and image analysis into an organic whole, with superposition analysis of spatial data as an important feature. Useful information is extracted from multi-source geoscience data and, after that, the prognostic model is established by using experts' knowledge in combination with such mathematic methods as logical calculus and Bayes decision rule. With the inference network of the model as the clue and through the utilization of the effective spatial analytical means of the geographical information system, the superposition of various sorts of evidence image layers is realized and eventually a prognostic map of ore resources with probabilities as indices is formulated,which can indicate favorable prospect areas with high probability, and night be used by explorers and policy-mak- ers as basis for reconnaissance program.