Analysis of the connection of ice cover parameters of the non-Arctic seas in the European part of Russia with global atmospheric processes

Criteria of winter severity for three non-Arctic European seas are determined from long time series of observations. Periods and dates of indices of macrocirculation epochs are estimated. Results of analysis of the connection of macrocirculation processes (E, W, and C forms of atmospheric circulation) with winter severity and with the ice concentration and thickness of the White Sea, the Gulf of Finland, and the Sea of Azov are presented. Some aspects of the ice cover evolution in the non-Arctic European seas are identified for various latitudinal zones from analysis of changes in global atmospheric processes over a large territory.