江苏省快速城市化进程对雾霾日时空变化的影响

利用气象观测和经济统计数据,研究了江苏雾霾时间空间分布和城市化对年雾霾日的影响。结果表明:(1)经济发达、城市化水平高的苏南地区是霾天气高发区,年霾日数超过100 d;(2)江苏霾日数冬季最多,夏季最少,2000年以后,夏秋季霾日数明显增加;苏南是霾日数显著上升的区域,增长率≥30 d/10a;(3)1978—1991年江苏三大区年工业增加值处于较低水平,增速缓慢,1991—2002年,年工业增加值增速加快,2002年以后迅速增长;与此对应,各区年霾日数从1990s初期缓慢上升,2002年以后快速增长;在城市化水平最高的苏南地区,1975—2000年各季节霾日数上升也不明显,2000—2008年,苏南城市化率从37%迅速上升到60.2%,霾日数也迅速上升,这表明城市化的加速发展是导致年霾日数上升的重要原因。

Impact on spatio-temporal variation of fog and haze days due to rapid urbanization in Jiangsu

Spatio-temporal characteristics of fog and haze days in Jiangsu and the effect of urbanization are analyzed in this paper on the basis of the meteorological observation data and social economic statistical data. The results show that (1) The yearly fog & haze days amounted to more than 100 d a year and occurred frequently in the south of Jiangsu along Yangtze River due to rapid economic development and high urbanization level. (2) Most of haze days was in winter and the minimum was in summer. The seasonal haze days increased obviously in summer and autumn after 2000. The figure of hase days is going up in the south of Jiangsu with a rate of equal or greater than 30 d per decade. (3) The industrial value grew slowly during 1978 to 1991 in three regions of Jiangsu, followed more rapidly from 1991 to 2002, and then developed very fast after 2002. Accordingly, yearly haze days showed the similar change pattern. It is the accelerated urbanization development that can explain why the haze days increase so rapidly each season in all areas.