中国及邻区石炭纪构造古地理及生物古地理

本文包括3部分:（1）扼要回顾了中国及邻区晚海西阶段的地质构造背景和构造古地理特征。根据全球构造活动论和地壳发展阶段论的观点,把中国及邻区晚海西阶段的大地构造单元分为4个构造域,10个亚构造域。（2）论述中国和世界石炭纪生物古地理分区。根据四射珊瑚和腕足动物群分析,把全球早石炭世生物古地理区系分为两个生物大区、6个生物区和8个生物亚区。在中国境内对生物亚区内部生物地方中心的分异作了进一步划分。（3）简述中国石炭纪古地理和某些有关的沉积矿产。中国石炭系矿产除了重要的煤以外,还有石膏矿、铝土矿和不同类型的铁矿。这些沉积矿产的分布主要受到古气候、古地理和构造条件的控制。

THE TECTONO-PALAEOGEOGRAPHY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY OF CHINA AND ADJACENT REGIONS IN THE CARBONIFEROUS PERIOD

Abstract This paper contains three parts. The first part is a brief review of the geotectonic background and the tectonic-alaeogeography of China and adjacent regions in the Late Palaeozoic Hercynian Stage. According to the mobilist view in regard to global tectonics, and the idea of development by stages in regard to crustal evolution, the spatial differentiation of crustal sectors permits a classification of three ranks of tectonic units: The first rank is the "tec.onic domain" which may be defined as a group of continental cratons and their continental margins including micro-continents of massifs and fold belts. The second rank "subdomain* includes two types The stable or mature type of subdomain consists of a main continental craton and its attached marginal tracts, the second or mobile type of subdomain is generally composed of a group of separate yet mutually inter-related massifs connected by fold belts. The third rank comprises traditional tectonic units, the platforms and fold belts. The main thought of this classification is to emphasize the continental margin tracts ,which are affiliated or attached to the major continental cratons. Based on these concepts, the crustal consumption zones or geosutures making up the boundary between the geotectonic units, as generally recognized in the mobilist view, may be classified into two kinds. Those separating the tectonic domain or subdomain are the more important convergent zones, and those delineating the fold belts within one subdomain, or usually within one continental margin tract, are the accretional zones. In the Hercynian stage the main domains and subdomains forming the tectonic frame of China and adjacent regions were: (1) North Asian (Angarachstan) domain,including four subdomains, Siberian Mongol-Hingan, Bureya-Songliao andKazakhatan; (2) Axial Asian (Sinarimian) domain, including two subdomains, Tarim and Sino-Korean; (3) South Asian domain, including three subdomains, yangtze, Tibet urma and Indosinia-outh Sea; (4)East Gondwana domain,inclu?ding only Indian-Pakistan subdomain within the? scope of China and adjacent regions. The second part deals with the biogeography of China and of the world, mainly based on analysis of rugose corals and brachiopods. In regard to biogeo-graphical classification, *hree ranks of category is used, they are realms, provinces and subprovinces. It may be adequate to point out that the main controlling factor in biogeographical differentiation is, according to the ideas of vicarious biogeography and of mobilisra, the isolation caused by changes in world frame of continents and oceans. The essential point in biogeographical analysis is that the taxonomic units used in calculation should be genuinely on the same taxonomic level. According to a revised classification of Rugosa based on their minute skeletal structures and other considerations, the Early Carboniferous contains 183 rugose genera belonging to 39 familes. with the dominant Order Caninida and the subordinate Order Zaphrentoidida. In order to estimate the biogeographicil provinciality, Otzuka similarity coefficients of the rugose coral faunas in various regions of the world were calculated and compared with each other. In Early Carboniferous vo biogeographical realms. Boreal and Tethyan, may be discerned in the world. The Boreal realm includes three provinces, Siberian, Mongolia-Hingan and Kazakhstan-Nei Mongol. The Tethyan realm also contains three provinces: (1) The West Tethyan province, which may be further subdivided into two subprovinces, North American and European; (2) The North Tethyan province, further divisible into three subprovinces, Tarim-Qinling, Yangtzean and Jinlin-SW Japan; (3) The South Tethyan province, further divisible into Southeast Asia, East Australian and South Tibet subprovinces. Within China, further differentiation of endemic centers in Yangtzean subprovince under North Tethyan province and South Tibet subprovince under South Tethyan province, are also distinguished. The recognition of the Himalaya region as a part of the South Ti