贵州织金洞世界地质公园喀斯特景观特征及其形成演化分析

织金洞世界地质公园,位于贵州高原西部,园区内喀斯特景观总体可概括为洞穴、峡谷、天生桥、天坑、高峰丛、丘陵、单面山与象形山、水文遗迹等8大类,它们以下三叠统海相碳酸盐岩为物质基础,有序、集中分布于织金洞、绮结河、东风湖三片相对独立,却又以绮结河为纽带紧密相连的喀斯特区域内,共同构成一个以洞穴、峡谷、天生桥、天坑为核心,形态雄伟、典型、优美、珍稀的高原喀斯特景观群。同时在对公园岩溶景观特征及区域地质背景进行分析和研究的基础上,系统研究和探讨了织金喀斯特,及织金洞、绮结河、东风湖三大地貌单元的形成演化过程,并认为它们的发育模式由地下喀斯特逐渐过渡至地表喀斯特,系统完整地纪录了贵州高原喀斯特的演化历程。

Characteristics and Formation and Evolution Analysis of the Karst Landscape of Zhijindong Cave Global Geopark, Guizhou Province

The Zhijindong Cave Global Geopark is located in the west of Guizhou Plateau. The karst landscapes in the Geopark are generally classified into eight categories: cave, gorge, natural bridge, tiankeng, high fengcong, hill, cuesta and pictographic mountain and hydrological heritage. All of them are developed in the Lower Triassic marine carbonatite strata and distributed orderly and intensively in three karst geomorphic units of Zhijindong Cave, Qijiehe River and Dongfenghu Lake, which are relatively separate and complete but are closely linked with each other through the Qijiehe River. These karst landscapes constitute a majestic, typical, beautiful and precious plateau karst landscape group with caves, gorges, natural bridges and tiankengs at the core. Based on the analysis and investigation of the characteristics of the karst landscape and the regional background of the landscape formation in this geopark, the authors systematically studied and discussed the formation and evolution of Zhijin karst as well as the three karst geomorphic units, i.e., Zhijindong Cave, Qijiehe River and Dongfenghu Lake. The elevations of these three geomorphic units are reduced successively with the gradual transformation of developmental modes from subsurface karst to surface karst, and this records systemically the evolution process of karst landform of Guizhou Plateau.