中国东部海域底质沉积物中重金属研究现状

中国东部海域(渤海、黄海和东海)底质沉积物接受了巨量的重金属(As、Cd、Cu、Cr、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn和V),从而使得底质环境质量可能面临严重的重金属污染。这些重金属来源复杂,其中既有自然源重金属又有不同人为来源。其中自然源可能主要包括长江流域、黄河流域的泥沙和中国西部沙漠的粉尘,人为来源可能主要包括煤炭和燃油消耗、钢铁冶炼和有色金属冶炼,其中煤炭消耗和有色金属冶炼可能是中国东部海域沉积物铅和汞的最主要的来源。这些重金属主要通过河流输入的方式进入到中国东部海域,尽管鉴定沉积物中重金属具体人为来源的方法较多,但在中国东部海域应用最为成功的是铅稳定同位素。尽管巨量的重金属输入到中国东部海域,但绝大部分海域底质沉积物质量良好,仅在锦州湾海域重金属含量严重超标。

STUDY OF HEAVY METALS IN BOTTOM SEDIMENTS OF THE EAST CHINA SEAS (Bohai,Huanghai and the East China Sea):A REVIEW OF CURRENT STATUS

A great amount of heavy metals is discharged from large and small rivers into the Eastern China Seas, which include the Bohai, Huanghai and the East China Sea in total, and eventually preserved in the bottom sediments, which makes the marine environment faced with the serious heavy metal pollution. These heavy metals come from various sources, which may be generally put into natural and anthropogenic groups. The natural sources mainly include the eroded soils from the Yangtze River Basin and the Yellow River Basin and the desert dust from West China. The anthropogenic sources mainly include the pollution caused by human activities dominated by combustion of fossil fuels and smelting of steel and non-ferrous metals. These heavy metal contaminants are mainly discharged into the Chinese Eastern Seas through rivers. Various methods have been adopted to identify the sources of heavy metals in marine sediments, and the stable isotope of Pb is believed the most successful indicator. Although huge amounts of heavy metals have been discharged into the Chinese Eastern Seas, the marine sediment offshore remain in good quality, except the Jinzhou Bay which is faced with the serious heavy metal pollution.