近38年中国气温和降水的1 km网格数据集

对中国38年的气温和降水进行了空间插值分析,选取最优模型去生成1km网格数据集,为中国大陆的植被分布、气候变化和环境生态等研究提供支持。基于国家气象中心839个气象站的逐日气温和降水数据,用经度、纬度和海拔作为ANUSPLIN软件插值的3个变量,对降水进行开平方预处理,采用3次样条的薄盘光滑样条法,得到了1980—2017年中国大陆月平均气温和月累计降水1km网格插值数据集。数据集的广义交叉验证均方根(RTGCV)和均方根误差(RMSE)具有年周期性和明显的季节变化特征;各站点的平均误差(MBE)的频率分布近似正态分布,绝对误差(MAE)的空间分布也符合中国大陆气候的变化特征。数据集在精准度和时间序列上较新,且提供公共下载服务,可为全国陆地生态系统的研究提供信息支持。

An Interpolation Dataset for Temperature and Precipitation at 1 km Grid Resolution in Chinese Mainland for Recent 38 Years

This study conducts the spatial interpolation analysis of the temperature and precipitation of 38 years across the country, and selects the optimal model to generate a 1 km grid dataset to provide support for the researches on vegetation distribution, climate change and environmental ecology in mainland China. Based on the daily temperature data and precipitation data from 839 meteorological stations of the National Meteorological Center, using longitude, latitude and altitude as the three variables interpolated by the ANUSPLIN software, the square root pretreatment of precipitation is carried out, and with the thin disk smooth spline method of the third order spline, the 1 km grid interpolation dataset of monthly average temperature and monthly cumulative precipitation in mainland China from 1980 to 2017 is obtained. The square root of Generalized Cross Validation and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of this dataset have the characteristics of annual periodicity and obvious seasonal variation. The frequency distribution of the Mean Bias Error (MBE) of each station is close to the normal distribution, and the spatial distribution of the Mean Absolute Error (MAE) is also consistent with the changing characteristics of the climate of mainland China. The dataset is relatively new in accuracy and time series and is available for public download, which can provide information support for the study of the national terrestrial ecosystem.