非稳态潜流交换过程研究进展

潜流交换研究涉及地表水-地下水系统交互作用的物理机制、影响因素和生化作用等方面，是近年来水文学、生态学、环境学等学科的研究热点。潜流交换过程包含水流运动、溶质运移以及能量传输过程。以稳态流动条件作为控制因素的潜流交换研究成果已经不能满足相关学科发展的要求。因此，近年来非稳态潜流交换过程的研究及其成果渐受关注。当前相关研究多以物理模型试验为主（如室内水槽试验、示踪试验），辅以数值模拟或遥感技术进行验证，进而总结非稳态潜流交换过程水动力交换和能量交换过程规律。未来研究应在多时空尺度，集合多种高精度监测手段，研究潜流交换中的影响因素（如河流水位波动），开发更精确的地表水-地下水耦合模型，系统认识非稳态潜流交换过程。有关非稳态潜流交换的研究结论将有效指导水资源保护与生态环境修复和综合治理。

Research progress of the unsteady hyporheic flow exchange process

The study of hyporheic exchange involves the physical mechanism, influencing factors and biochemical effects on the interaction of a surface water-groundwater system, which is a hot research topic in recent years in the disciplines of hydrology, ecology and environmental science. The process of hyporheic exchange includes water movement, solute transport and energy transfer process. The research of hyporheic exchange under the steady-state flow conditions as the controlling factor can no longer meet the requirements of the development of related disciplines. Therefore, the research on the unsteady hyporheic exchange processes and its results have attracted attention in recent years. The current research is mostly based on physical model tests (e. g., indoor flume tests, tracer tests), supplemented by numerical simulations or remote sensing techniques for validation, and then summarizes the laws of hydrodynamic and energy exchange processes during the unsteady hyporheic exchange. Future research will integrate multiple high-precision monitoring tools at multiple spatial and temporal scales to study the influencing factors in hyporheic exchange (e. g., river level fluctuations), develop more accurate coupled surface water-groundwater models, and systematically understand the unsteady hyporheic exchange processes. The findings of the unsteady hyporheic exchange will effectively guide water resources protection and ecological restoration and comprehensive management.