Population densities and deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon: New insights on the current human settlement patterns |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Geography, Burnside Hall Rm 705, McGill University, 805 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B9, Canada;2. Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, 130 Mulford Hall #3114, Berkeley, CA 94720-3114, United States;1. Salisbury University, USA;2. North Carolina State University, USA;3. International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), New York University, USA;4. University of Montana, USA;5. University of California, Santa Barbara, USA;1. Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Graduate School Forest and Agricultural Sciences, Büsgenweg 5, 37077, Göttingen, Germany;2. Thünen Institute of International Forestry and Forest Economics, Leuschnerstrasse 91, 21031 Hamburg, Germany;1. CIFOR, Av. La Molina 1895, La Molina, Lima, Peru;2. University of Oxford, Oxford University Centre for the Environment, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, United Kingdom;3. Keller Science Action Center, The Field Museum, 1400?S Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, USA;1. CNRS, Université Rennes 2, UMR LETG 6554, Place du Recteur H. Le Moal, CS 24307 35043 Rennes, France;2. Centre de Recherche et de Documentations sur les Amériques (CREDA), UMR 7227, Université Sorbonne Nouvelle, Paris, 3, France;3. Health Information Research Department, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21045-900, Brazil;4. IRMAR, UMR 6625, Université Rennes 2, Place du Recteur H. Le Moal, 35000 Rennes, France |
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| Abstract: | This paper provides the first analysis at the sub-municipality scale of the relationships between population densities and deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon between 2000 and 2010. We use the database on deforestation published by the Brazilian space research center (INPE) and the population census data released by the federal geographical and statistical agency IBGE at their finest scale: the census tract level. By crossing the population density and deforestation variables, we identify ten human settlement patterns in the Amazon. There are low-low and high-high classes of population density and deforestation, but also low-high and high-low classes. This analysis helps understand the low overall relations in the Amazon for population and deforestation. We emphasize the expansion of large-scale agriculture and cattle ranching as causing the depopulation of rural areas while in many regions of the Amazon quite strong population densities coexist with relatively low extents of deforestation. Such findings stress the need to implement case-specific public policies in these regions in order to encourage human presence compatible with the conservation of forest cover and biodiversity. We also confirm the importance of the Amazon urbanization process, including the ‘discrete urbanization’ of rural areas, and the need to better recognize the distinct social and environmental problems of urban areas. |
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| Keywords: | Human settlement patterns Deforestation Population density Urbanization Spatial analysis Brazilian Amazon |
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