Conceptual hydrodynamic-thermal mapping modelling for coral reefs at south Singapore sea |
| |
| Institution: | 1. Research Institute of Marine Systems Engineering, Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Collage of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea;2. Offshore Oil/Gas Research Center, China University of Petroleum – Beijing, Beijing, China;3. Drilling Department, China Oilfield Services Limited, Yanjiao, Hebei, China;1. Department of Civil Engineering, Aalborg University, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark;2. School of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China;3. State Key Laboratory of Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China;1. School of Engineering and Joukowsky Institute for Archaeology, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA;2. Neutron Science Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831,USA;3. ANE Image, Pasadena, CA 91104, USA;1. Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, AS2, #03-01, 1 Arts Link, Kent Ridge, Singapore, 117570, Singapore;2. Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, S2S Building, 18 Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119227, Singapore;3. Institute of Water Policy, Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore, 469C Bukit Timah Road Level 2, Wing A, Singapore, 259772, Singapore;4. Department of Geological Sciences, Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR), University of Colorado, Boulder, UCB 399, Boulder, CO, 80309-0399, USA;5. Ministry of Education, Singapore, 1 North Buona Vista Drive, Singapore, 138675, Singapore;1. School of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia;2. Géosciences Océan UMR CNRS 6538, Centre de Recherche Yves Coppens, Campus de Tohannic, Université Bretagne Sud, 56000, Vannes, France;3. Institute of Oceanography and Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia;4. Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia |
| |
| Abstract: | Coral reefs are important ecosystems that not only provide shelter and breeding ground for many marine species, but can also control of carbon dioxide level in ocean and act as coastal protection mechanism. Reduction of coral reefs at Singapore coastal waters (SCW) region remains as an important study to identify the environmental impact from its busy industrial activities especially at the surrounding of Jurong Island in the south. This kind of study at SCW was often being related to issues such as turbidity, sedimentation, pollutant transport (from industry activities) effects in literatures, but seldom investigated from the thermal change aspect. In this paper, a computational model was constructed using the Delft3D hydrodynamic module to produce wave simulations on sea regions surrounding Singapore Island. The complicated semi-diurnal and diurnal tidal wave events experienced by SCW were simulated for 2 weeks duration and compared to the Admiralty measured data. To simulate the thermal mapping at the south Singapore coastal waters (SSCW) region, we first adapted a conversion of industrial to thermal discharge; then from the discharge affected area a thermal map was further computed to compare with the measured coral map. The outcomes show that the proposed novel thermal modelling approach has quite precisely simulated the coral map at SSCW, with the condition that the near-field thermal sources are considered (with the coverage area in the limit of 20 km × 20 km). |
| |
| Keywords: | Coral reefs Hydrodynamics Singapore coastal waters (SCW) Thermal map |
| 本文献已被 ScienceDirect 等数据库收录！ |
|
