Economic minerals of the Kovdor baddeleyite-apatite-magnetite deposit,Russia: mineralogy,spatial distribution and ore processing optimization |
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| Institution: | 1. Nanomaterials Research Centre, Kola Science Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 14 Fersman Street, Apatity, Murmansk Region 184209, Russia;2. Geological Institute, Kola Science Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 14 Fersman Street, Apatity, Murmansk Region 184209, Russia;3. JSC “Kovdorskiy GOK”, 5 Sukhachova Street, Kovdor, Murmansk Region 184141, Russia;1. A.P. Karpinsky Russian Geological Research Institute, Srednii pr. 74, St. Petersburg, 199106, Russia;2. Institute of Earth Sciences, St. Petersburg State University, Srednii pr. 31, St. Petersburg, 199004, Russia;3. Institute of Precambrian Geology and Geochronology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Makarova nab 2., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia;1. Key Laboratory of Mineral Resource, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China;2. CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;3. Department of Earth Science, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 58, Legon-Accra, Ghana;1. Earth Science Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia;2. Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;3. CNRS, UMR6524, LMV, F-63038 Clermont-Ferrand, France;4. IRD, R 163, LMV, Clermont-Ferrand, France;5. Department of Mineralogy and Petrology, Comenius University, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia;6. Institute of Geological Sciences, Masaryk University, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic;7. Matú?kova 11, 831 01 Bratislava, Slovakia;8. Geoafrica Prospecting Services cc, PO Box 24218, Windhoek, Namibia;9. Earth Science Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 917 04 Banská Bystrica, Slovakia |
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| Abstract: | The comprehensive petrographical, petrochemical and mineralogical study of the Kovdor magnetite-apatite-baddeleyite deposit in the phoscorite–carbonatite complex (Murmansk Region, Russia) revealed a spatial distribution of grain size and chemical composition of three economically extractable minerals — magnetite, apatite, and baddeleyite, showing that zonal distribution of mineral properties mimics both concentric and vertical zonation of the carbonatite-phoscorite pipe.The marginal zone of the pipe consists of (apatite)-forsterite phoscorite carrying fine grains of Ti–Mn–Si–rich magnetite with ilmenite exsolution lamellae, fine grains of Fe–Mg-rich apatite and finest grains of baddeleyite, enriched in Mg, Fe, Si and Mn. The intermediate zone accommodates carbonate-free magnetite-rich phoscorites that carry medium to coarse grains of Mg–Al-rich magnetite with exsolution inclusions of spinel, medium-grained pure apatite and baddeleyite. The axial zone hosts carbonate-rich phoscorites and phoscorite-related carbonatites bearing medium-grained Ti–V–Ca-rich magnetite with exsolution inclusions of geikielite–ilmenite, fine grains of Ba–Sr–Ln-rich apatite and comparatively large grains of baddeleyite, enriched in Hf, Ta, Nb and Sc. The collected data enable us to predict such important mineralogical characteristics of the multicomponent ore as chemical composition and grain size of economic and associated minerals, presence of contaminating inclusions, etc. We have identified potential areas of maximum concentration of such by-products as scandium, niobium and hafnium in baddeleyite and REEs in apatite. |
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