A new pipid frog from the Upper Cretaceous of Patagonia and early evolution of crown-group Pipidae |
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| Institution: | 1. Sección Paleontología de Vertebrados, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”, Av. Ángel Gallardo 470, 1405DJR Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina;2. Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján Ruta 5 y Avenida Constitución, 6700 Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina;3. Universidad de Buenos Aires, Departamento de Ciencias Geológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Intendente Guiraldes 2160, C1428EHA Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina;4. División Paleontología Vertebrados, Museo de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque s/n, B1900FWA La Plata, Argentina;5. CONICET, Argentina;6. CIC, Argentina;7. Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Box 90383, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA;1. Laboratorio de Paleontología de Vertebrados, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Materi y España, E3105BWA, Diamante, Argentina;2. CAPPA - Centro de Apoio à Pesquisa Paleontológica da Quarta Colônia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, São João do Polêsine, Rua Maximiliano Vizzotto, 598, CEP 97230-000, Brazil;1. Department of Earth Science Education, Korea National University of Education, Gangnae, Cheongju City, Chungbuk 363-892, South Korea;2. Dinosaur Trackers Research Group, University of Colorado Denver, PO Box 173364, Denver, CO 80217-3364, USA;3. Department of Science Education, Chinju National University of Education, Shinan-dong, Jinju, Kyungnam 660-756, South Korea;1. Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, UMR 5174, CNRS, IRD, Université Paul Sabatier, Bâtiment 4R1 31062 Cedex 9, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31077, Toulouse, France;2. Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London, SW7 5BD, United Kingdom;3. Universidade de São Paulo Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Zoologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil;4. Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 69080-900, Manaus, AM, Brazil;5. LEEISA, Centre de Recherche de Montabo – IRD, 275 Route de Montabo, BP 70620, 97 334, Cayenne, French Guiana;6. La Désirée, F-97351, Matoury, French Guiana;7. Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Leibniz Institute for Animal Biodiversity, Adenauerallee 160, 53113, Bonn, Germany;8. Museum of Zoology, Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden, Dresden, Germany;9. Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, R. Augusto Corrêa, 1, Guamá, Belém, 66075-110, Pará, Brazil;10. Department of Ecology and Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, 12/16 Banacha Str, Łódź, 90-237, Poland;1. Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK;2. School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3QL, UK;3. Laboratoire Santé et Environnement, Faculté des Sciences Aïn Chock, Université Hassan II de Casablanca, Morocco |
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| Abstract: | Pipid frogs are fully aquatic frogs that today inhabit freshwater environments of southern continents on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean, with a fairly good fossil record dating back to the Cretaceous. Here I report on fossils from the Allen Formation (upper Campanian–lower Maastrichtian), Río Negro Province, Argentina, that are ascribed to a new genus and species of pipid. In order to assess the evolutionary relationships of the new taxon, which is represented by sphenethmoids, otic capsules, ilia, humeri, and vertebrae, cladistic analyses of a data matrix of 165 osteological characters scored for 36 taxa were performed. The results are congruent with previous hypotheses of pipoid interrelationships and consistently place the new taxon as part of the lineage today represented by the African xenopodines. Temporal calibration of the phylogenetic tree based on the fossil record imply that the origin and early diversification of crown-group Pipidae might have occurred during the Early Cretaceous, prior to the final breakup of western Gondwana. This study highlights the importance of including fossils, even fragmentary ones, directly in phylogenetic analyses in order to disentangling how, when, and where pipid frogs diversified. |
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| Keywords: | Anura Pipidae Patagonia Allen Formation Phylogeny Palaeobiogeography |
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