东亚下垫面热力异常与南海夏季风爆发早晚和强弱的关系

利用我国南方逐日降水资料及逐月温度资料，采用Mann-Kendall 突变检验方法，并计算极端降水的GPD(Generalized Pareto Distribution)重现值，讨论了气候变暖前后我国南方冬季极端降水事件的变化。结果表明，我国南方冬季气候变暖的突变发生在1991年前后，且气候变暖后我国南方冬季的极端降水强度普遍有所增加。利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料进一步分析气候变暖前后的环流场特征，发现东亚热带冬季风异常与我国华南、江南地区降水异常有显著的相关关系。东亚热带冬季风偏强(弱)，华南、江南地区降水偏少(多)。气候变暖后中高纬度环流经向度加大，有利于北方的冷空气向南输送。此外, 气候变暖后我国南方地面气温升高，海陆热力差异减小，东亚热带冬季风减弱，有利于西太平洋的暖湿气流向我国大陆东南部输送，并在东南部形成异常的水汽通量辐合，有利于形成强降水。气候变暖后，中高纬度与中低纬度异常环流系统的相互作用是我国东南部降水强度增加的主要原因。

THE RELATION BETWEEN THE UNDERLYING SURFACE THERMAL ANOMALIES AND THE ONSET AND INTENSITY OF THE SOUTH CHINA SEA SUMMER MONSOON

The earlier and later onset years and stronger and weaker years of the South China Sea summer monsoon(SCSSM) are picked out with the SCSSM Index defined by moist potential vorticity(MPV).By means of EOF,the surface temperature differences of spatial and temporal variations between earlier and later onset years of the SCSSM are analyzed.Three types of years with early,normal,and late EASM onset are selected and the EASM regimes are numerically simulated.It is revealed that when the land surface temperature i...