Modeling Study of Aerosol Indirect Effects on Global Climate with an AGCM |
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Authors: | WANG Zhili ZHANG Hu SHEN Xueshun Sunling GONG and ZHANG Xiaoye |
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Institution: | Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, National Climate Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081,National Climate Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081,Center for Numerical Prediction Research and State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081,Center for Atmosphere Watch and Services, China Meteorological Administration, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, Air Quality Research Branch, Meteorological Service of Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Center for Atmosphere Watch and Services, China Meteorological Administration, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081 |
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Abstract: | Aerosol indirect effects (AIEs) on global climate were quantitatively
investigated by introducing aerosol--cloud interaction parameterizations for
water stratus clouds into an AGCM (BCC_AGCM2.0.1), which was developed by
the National Climate Center of the China Meteorological Administration. The
study yielded a global annual mean of -1.14 W m-2 for the first
indirect radiative forcing (IRF), with an obvious seasonal change. In
summer, large forcing mainly occurred in mid to high latitudes of the
Northern Hemisphere, whereas in winter, large values were found at 60oS.The second indirect effect led to global annual mean changes in net
shortwave flux of -1.03 W m-2 at the top of the atmosphere (TOA), which
was relatively significant in mid-latitude regions of both hemispheres. The
total AIE reduced the global annual means of net shortwave flux at the TOA
and of surface temperature by 1.93 W m-2 and 0.12 K, respectively.
Change in surface temperature induced by the total AIE was clearly larger in
the Northern Hemisphere (-0.23 K) than in the Southern Hemisphere, where
changes were negligible. The interhemispheric asymmetry in surface cooling
resulted in significant differences in changes of the interhemispheric
annual mean precipitation rate, which could lead to a tendency for the ITCZ
to broaden. The total AIE decreased the global annual mean precipitation
rate by 0.055 mm d-1. |
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Keywords: | aerosol cloud radiation indirect effect |
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