Tillage and farm manure affect root growth and nutrient uptake of wheat and rice under semi-arid conditions |
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Authors: | Muhammad Ibrahim Muhammad Yamin Ghulam Sarwar Alia Anayat Fareeha Habib Sami Ullah |
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Affiliation: | 1. Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;2. Department of Agricultural Environment, National Academy of Agriculture Science (NAAS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Suwon 441-707, Republic of Korea;3. Department of Farm Machinery and Power, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan;4. University College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan;5. Institute of Soil & Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan;6. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Sargodha, Pakistan |
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Abstract: | Tillage systems affect soil properties, crop growth and nutrient uptake under various agro-ecological conditions. The uptake of water and nutrients are largely dependent on the root systems of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.). The application of manure has direct influence on the nutrient uptake by the crop plants. A 2 year field experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact of tillage and farm manure on root growth by measuring the root length density on a sandy clay loam (Typic calciargid soil). Three tillage systems were used; (i) minimum tillage (MT), (ii) deep tillage (DT) and (iii) conventional tillage (CT). Three farm manure levels were used; (i) FM0 (only chemical fertilizers), (ii) FM15 (farm manure at 15 Mg ha?1) and (iii) FM30 (farm manure at 30 Mg ha?1). The incorporation of farm manure into soil markedly improved the root length density (RLD) of both wheat and rice crops. For wheat, the application of FM30 increased RLD by 16% and 9% in cases of deep tillage and minimum tillage, respectively. For rice, the increase in RLD at the same farm manure rate (FM30) was 13% and 17%, during first and second year, respectively. Averaged across tillage, the trend of RLD for both wheat and rice was DT > CT > MT. The incorporation of FM has increased the uptake of N, P and K significantly (P < 0.05), thereby increasing the agronomic parameters. The manure may be used to ameliorate the deleterious effects of tillage for sustainable crop yield. |
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