陆面模式中土壤冻融过程参数化研究进展

土壤冻融过程在寒区水文和气候系统中有着重要作用。陆面模式中土壤冻融过程的参数化对模式的设计和模拟结果有着关键作用。通过对广泛应用的Bucket，SIB，BATS，VIC，BEAS， LSM等几种主要的陆面模式中的冻融过程参数化方案进行了总结和比较。首先，详尽地描述了土壤冻融与气候变化的数值模拟研究，总结和评述了土壤冻融过程对气候变化的作用。其次，对几种主要的陆面过程模式在土壤水热参数化方案中对冻融过程的考虑及其特点进行了比较和讨论。还对冻结深度和冻结周期的预报模式进行了简介，最后对该领域当前面临的主要研究问题进行了探讨和阐述。

THE DEVELOPMENT OF STUDY ON THE SOIL FREEZING-THAW PROCESS IN LAND SURFACE MODEL

The role of soil moisture is important in climate and climate change. In climate simulations, anomalies in soil moisture affect the precipitation, temperature and motion fields of the atmosphere at the regional and global scale. It has important role in the design of land surface model and general circulation model. The parameterization of soil freezing-thaw in land surface model is difficult issue in many modeling groups currently investigating how well it can be simulated. Most studies have focused on the role of liquid soil moisture in climate modeling with the role of seasonally frozen soil moisture receiving little attention. Compared and concluded freezing-thaw processes within some major Land surface processor schemes (SSIB, BATS, VIC, BASE and LSM) in this paper. First, the theory background and development history in soil moisture parameterization is reviewed. The hydrological importance of freezing processes for the 35% of the Earth's surface which is subject to freezing and thawing is well documented. However, modeling the complexity of the frozen soil system is challenging and has received some attention. It is understandable that far simpler models have evolved which aim to represent the key feature of freezing and thawing. Then, how frozen soil moisture is a parameterized in climate model (Bucket, SSIB, BATS, VIC, BASE and LSM) is described. And it is suggest that most problems could be linked to the parameterization of hydraulic conductivity, it is related to the layer of soil column also. And to improve the simulations further, it may be necessary to model the effects of cryoturbation (including macropores), freezing fronts, ice-lensing and other periglacial processes. Finally, we conclude and discussed the development will been studied in this field.